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Genetic diversity and structure of one of the most endangered freshwater fish species in Mexico: Tlaloc hildebrandi (Miller, 1950) and recognition of its evolutionarily significant units

Beltrán López, Rosa G [autora] | González Díaz, Alfonso Ángel [autor] | Soria Barreto, Miriam [autora] | Garduño Sánchez, Marco Antonio [autor] | Xochitla Castrejón, Carmela [autora] | Rodiles Hernández, María del Rocío, 1956- [autora] | Ornelas García, Claudia Patricia [autora].
Tipo de material: Artículo en línea Artículo en línea Tipo de contenido: Texto Tipo de medio: Computadora Tipo de portador: Recurso en líneaTema(s): Tlaloc hildebrandi | Especies endémicas de peces | Variación genética | Composición de la población | ZoogeografíaTema(s) en inglés: Tlaloc hildebrandi | Wild fish | Genetic variation | Population composition | ZoogeographyDescriptor(es) geográficos: Subcuenca del Río Amarillo, San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Chiapas, México) | Subcuenca Chenalhó (Chiapas, México) | Subcuenca Tzaconejá (Chiapas, México) | Subcuenca Jataté (Chiapas, México)Nota de acceso: Acceso en línea sin restricciones En: PeerJ. Volumen 9, e11952 (2021), páginas 1-23. --ISSN: 2167-8359Número de sistema: 63255Resumen:
Inglés

The endangered Chiapas killifish Tlaloc hildebrandi is an endemic freshwater species that lives in four subbasins of the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, and one of the most geographically restricted species of the Produndulidae family. The species was originally described as endemic to springs in the high limestone plateau in San Cristóbal de Las Casas in the Río Amarillo subbasin (upper Grijalva basin). However, it was recently recorded in the Jataté and Tzaconejá subbasins in the upper Usumacinta basin, thereby expanding its known distribution range. The discovery of these populations is relevant not only for the conservation of the species but also for a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Currently, the scarce populations of T. hildebrandi, found in only a few localities in the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, are fragmented and living under unfavorable conditions. Here, we analyzed three mitochondrial (mt-atp8&6 and mt-nd2) and one nuclear (nuc-s7) marker in order to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of T. hildebrandi. We found that, in comparison with other endangered freshwater fish species from Mexico, T. hildebrandi showed a lower level of genetic diversity (mt-nd2: h = 0.469, π = 0.0009; mt-atp8&6: h = 0.398, π = 0.001; and nuc-S7: h = 0.433, π = 0.001). Moreover, the analyzed populations exhibited a strong genetic structure in accordance with their geographic distribution, and can be placed into three genetic clusters: (1) Amarillo plus Chenhaló in the upper Grijalva basin, (2) Jataté, and (3) Tzaconejá, both in the upper Usumacinta basin. On the basis of our results, we propose the recognition of at least three evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) for the species and the urgent implementation of ex situ and in situ conservation and management efforts that consider the genetic background of the species.

Recurso en línea: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11952
Lista(s) en las que aparece este ítem: María del Rocío Rodiles Hernández
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Acceso en línea sin restricciones

The endangered Chiapas killifish Tlaloc hildebrandi is an endemic freshwater species that lives in four subbasins of the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, and one of the most geographically restricted species of the Produndulidae family. The species was originally described as endemic to springs in the high limestone plateau in San Cristóbal de Las Casas in the Río Amarillo subbasin (upper Grijalva basin). However, it was recently recorded in the Jataté and Tzaconejá subbasins in the upper Usumacinta basin, thereby expanding its known distribution range. The discovery of these populations is relevant not only for the conservation of the species but also for a better understanding of its evolutionary history. Currently, the scarce populations of T. hildebrandi, found in only a few localities in the Grijalva and Usumacinta basins, are fragmented and living under unfavorable conditions. Here, we analyzed three mitochondrial (mt-atp8&6 and mt-nd2) and one nuclear (nuc-s7) marker in order to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of T. hildebrandi. We found that, in comparison with other endangered freshwater fish species from Mexico, T. hildebrandi showed a lower level of genetic diversity (mt-nd2: h = 0.469, π = 0.0009; mt-atp8&6: h = 0.398, π = 0.001; and nuc-S7: h = 0.433, π = 0.001). Moreover, the analyzed populations exhibited a strong genetic structure in accordance with their geographic distribution, and can be placed into three genetic clusters: (1) Amarillo plus Chenhaló in the upper Grijalva basin, (2) Jataté, and (3) Tzaconejá, both in the upper Usumacinta basin. On the basis of our results, we propose the recognition of at least three evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) for the species and the urgent implementation of ex situ and in situ conservation and management efforts that consider the genetic background of the species. eng

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