Ontogeny and phylogeny of the functions / Verónica Guarner

Incluye bibliografía: páginas 175-180 e índice: páginas 181-195

Preface.. Contents Introduction - The Historical Points of View.. Ontogeny.. Evolution and phylogeny.. The parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny.. The influence of the theory of recapitulation in other areas.. Chapter 1. Mechanisms of Differentiation in Ontogeny and Phylogeny.. Ontogeny.. Decoding of information.. Cellular maturation.. Cellular division.. Cellular migration.. Cellular death.. Phylogeny.. Variation.. Natural selection.. Mechanisms producing a parallel between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 2. The Early Stages of Ontogenetic and Phylogenetic Development.. The early stages of ontogenetic development in mammalians.. The outline of phylogeny.. Evolution of multicellular organisms.. The coelom.. Metamerism.. Protostome and deuterostome organisms.. The origin of chordates.. Some considerations about human evolution.. The parallel between the first stages of ontogenetic develop¬ment and the first phases in phylogeny.. Chapter 3. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Nervous System.. The nervous system in superior adult mammalians.. Afferent system.. Efferent system.. Central nervous system.. Spinal cord.. The brain.. The ontogeny of the nervous system.. Formation of the neural tube.. Cellular maturation.. Formation of the brain.. General tendencies in the development of the nervous system.. Evolution of the metabolism of the nervous system.. Ontogeny of sensory organs.. Ontogeny of sleeping.. Ontogeny of the associative prefrontal areas.. The phylogeny of the nervous system.. Nervous system of distinct organisms.. Evolutionary tendencies.. Evolution of the receptor and effector systems.. Phylogeny of sleeping.. Phylogeny of learning and memory.. Phylogeny of the associative prefrontal areas.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Similarities.. Chapter 4. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Circulation of the Internal Medium.. The cardiovascular system on the adult mammalian

The ontogeny of the cardiovascular system.. Angiogenesis.. Morphogenesis of the heart.. Cellularity and ultrastructural aspects of cardiac development.. Histological development.. Development of the electric excitability and activity of the heart.. Development of the mechanical activity of the heart.. Changes in metabolism.. Development of the regulation of cardiovascular activity.. Fetal circulation.. The phylogeny of the cardiovascular system.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 5. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Digestive Functions and Nutrition.. The physiology of nutrition in the adult mammalian.. Obtainment of nutrients during the inter-digestive stage.. The ontogeny of the digestive system and nutrition.. Nutrition during the embryonic and fetal period.. Development of the gastrointestinal tract.. Development of the nutrient reserves.. The phylogeny of the digestive functions and nutrition.. Modalities of nutrition in phylogeny.. Modalities of digestion and absorption in phylogeny.. Distinct types of digestive secretions in phylogeny.. Food requirements in phylogeny.. Digestive systems in distinct groups of animals.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 6. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Respiratory Gas Exchange.. Respiration in adult mammalians.. The ontogeny of respiration.. Obtainment of oxygen.. Development of the lungs.. Regulation of respiration.. Pulmonary circulation.. The phylogeny of respiration.. Development of the larynx.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 7. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Blood and the Immune System.. The blood and immune system in the adult mammalian.. The ontogeny of blood and the immune system.. Ontogeny of the blood cells.. Ontogeny of the immune system.. The phylogeny of blood and the immune system.. Phylogeny of the blood cells.. Phylogeny of the immune system

Phylogeny of hemostasis.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 8. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Hydro-mineral Equilibrium.. The hydro-mineral equilibrium in the superior adult mammalian.. The ontogeny of the hydro-mineral equilibrium.. Formation of the kidney.. The phylogeny of the hydro-mineral equilibrium, Adaptive strategies according to the environmental medium.. Evolution of the organs specialized in osmoregulation.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 9. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Functions of Reproduction.. The reproductive function in the adult mammalian.. Masculine sexual physiology.. Feminine sexual physiology.. The ontogeny of the reproductive system.. Determination of sex.. Germinal cells.. Formation of the undifferentiated gonad.. Differentiation of the gonad.. Formation of the tracts.. Sexual differentiation of the encephalon.. The phylogeny of the reproductive system.. Determination of sex.. Reproduction in distinct animal groups.. Evolution of sexual conduct.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Chapter 10. The Ontogeny and Phylogeny of the Endocrine System.. The endocrine system in the adult mammalian.. The ontogeny of the endocrine system.. Generalities.. Ontogeny of some endocrine glands.. Hypothalamus-hypophysis-gland axis.. Suprarenal gland.. Thyroids.. The pancreas.. The phylogeny of the endocrine system.. Examples of hormones regulating reversible processes.. Examples of hormones participating in irreversible processes.. Phylogeny of some endocrine glands.. Phylogeny of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gland axis.. Phylogeny of the suprarenal gland.. Phylogeny of the thyroid gland.. Phylogeny of the pancreas.. Similarities and differences between ontogeny and phylogeny.. Annex: A Catalog of the Animals.. Bibliography and Recommended Readings.. Index

The idea of a parallel existing between ontogeny and phylogeny came from Aristotle and although it drew enormous prosperity through the end of the 19th century it later witnessed a disastrous fall. However, many researchers have recently taken back this proposal to reevaluate the mechanisms that create the parallel and to analyze the events from the historical and epistemological points of view. There does not currently exist any work where, one by one, the ontogeny and phylogeny of each function of the animal organism is analyzed constituting the aim of the present book. A large quantity of fascinating and interesting aspects of physiology are included in this work. It analyzes the different physiological solutions that the organisms have found in order to survive in different current terrestrial environments, the place where they evolved and the manner in which their ontogenetic development occurred. Trying to analyze in detail every aspect of physiology in the adult, its evolution and its embryology would be a never ending chore, thus this book only gives a general view of this field. The work attempts to advance with a perfectible investigation, hoping to reach a definitive and final explanation in time. We hope that the critics of students in other professional fields will help us to extend and improve our research. eng