Ecology and conservation of fishes / Harold M. Tyus

Incluye bibliografía: páginas 483-515 e índice: páginas 17-529

Glosario: páginas 475-481

Contents.. Preface.. Acknowledgments.. Use and Features of the Book.. Author Biography.. A Lexicon of Greek and Latin Word Roots Used in this Text.. Part I. Introduction.. Chapter 1. Ecology of Fishes: Content and Scope.. History of Ecology.. Fish Ecology Explored.. What Is a Fish?.. Fish: The First Vertebrate.. Summary.. Part II. Evolutionary Ecology of Fishes.. Chapter 2. Aquatic Evolution, Origins, and Affinities.. Aquatic Evolution.. Evolutionary Ecology.. Origins and Affinities of Fishes.. Paleoecology of Fishes.. Summary.. Chapter 3. Aquatic Environment.. Aquatic Ecosystems.. Properties of Water.. Seawater.. Fish in Water: Where is the Gravity?.. Summary.. Part III. Fish Diversity.. Chapter 4. Diversity 1: Chordates to Sharks.. Introduction.. From Chordate to Vertebrate.. Agnathans: Hagfishes and Lampreys.. Conodonts and Ostracoderms.. Early Gnathostomes.. Chondrichthyes.. Summary.. Chapter 5. Diversity 2: Teleostomes to Bony Fishes.. Radiation of Teleostomes.. Acanthodians: Spiny Ones.. Sarcopterygians: Lobe-Fin Fishes.. Actinopterygians: Ray-Fins.. Summary.. Chapter 6. Diversity 3: Teleosts.. Diversity and adaptation.. Lower Teleosts.. Cods and Anglerfishes.. Higher Teleosts.. Summary.. Chapter 7. Radiations, Extinctions, and Biodiversity.. Life on Earth Has Not Been Easy.. Fish Extinctions and a Few Questions.. Ecological Concepts.. Case Study: Fishes of Fossil Lake.. Summary.. Part IV. Freshwater Ecosystems.. Chapter 8. Zoogeography of Fishes.. Patterns and Species Diversity.. Factors Affecting Distribution.. Adaptation.. Continental Movement.. Fishes of Zoogeographic Regions.. Vicariance Biogeography.. Pleistocene Glaciation.. The Future.. Ecological Concepts.. Summary.. Chapter 9. Lotic Systems: Flowing Water and the Terrestrial Environment.. A Drop of Rain.. Flowing Water.. Characteristics of Streams.. Ecological Concepts.. Summary.. Chapter 10. Coldwater Streams.. Structure and Function.. Coldwater Fishes.. Constraints on Trout.. Case Study: Greenback Cutthroat Trout.. Summary.. Chapter 11. Fishes of Warmwater Streams and Rivers.. A warmwater Fish Viewpoint.. The Stream Connected.. Stream Fishes.. Large River Fish Faunas.. Case Study: The North American Paddlefish.. Summary.. Chapter 12. Lentic Systems: Standing Water.. The Drop is Stored (temporarily.. Standing Water Ecosystems.. Characteristics of Lakes.. Structure.. Function.. Fish in Lakes.. Ecological Concepts.. Case Study: Lake Baikal.. Summary.. Chapter 13. Fishes of Temperate and Tropical Great Lakes.. General.. Fishes of temperate Lakes.. Fishes of tropical lakes.. Case Study: Cichlids of East African Great Lakes.. Summary..

Chapter 14. Artificial Lakes and Groundwater Reservoirs.. Artificial Lakes: Reservoirs.. Structure and Function.. Ecological Concepts.. Cumulative Effects.. Fish and Reservoirs.. Groundwater.. Case Study: Death Valley and Devils Hole.. Summary.. Part V. Estuarine and Marine Ecosystems.. Chapter 15. Estuaries and Coastal Zone.. Coastal Zone.. What are Estuaries?.. Drowned River Estuaries.. Estuarine Fishes.. Ecological Concepts.. Case Study: Alewives as Migration Subsystems.. Summary.. Chapter 16. Marine Environments, Intertidal Fishes, and Sharks.. Oceanography and Marine Ecology.. Intertidal Zone: Structure and Function.. Marine Fishes.. Ecological Concepts.. Case Study: The Ultimate Marine Predator.. Summary.. Chapter 17. Neritic Province and Fisheries.. Inshore Ocean in Perspective.. Pelagic Systems.. Benthic Systems.. Neritic Fishes and the Temperate Zone.. Marine Commercial Fisheries.. Case Study: Cod and Northwest Atlantic Groundfishery.. Summary.. Chapter 18. Oceanic Province and Epipelagic Fishes.. Province.. Epipelagic Zone.. Upwellings.. Case Study: Peruvian Anchoveta.. Summary.. Chapter 19. Deep Sea: Twilight to the Abyss.. Features of the Deep Sea and Its Fishes.. Mesopelagic Zone.. Abyss.. Deep Benthic and Benthopelagic.. Seamounts.. Fish Adaptations in the Deep Sea.. Deepwater Fisheries.. Case Study: Deep-Sea Anglerfish.. Ecological Concepts.. Summary.. Part VI. Fish Adaptation.. Chapter 20. Fitness, Morphology, and Ecophysiology.. Adaptation and Fitness.. Fish Morphology and Ecophysiology.. Physicochemical Adaptation with Organs.. Morphology and Sensory Systems.. Sensory Systems.. Summary.. Chapter 21.. Energy, Metabolism, and Growth.. Energy Budgets.. Fish Energetics.. Metabolism.. Growth and Aging.. Metabolic Stress.. Stress in Fishes.. Case Study: Measuring Growth and Age in Hard Tissues.. Summary.. Chapter 22. Adaptation, Niche, and Species Interactions.. Adaptation.. The Niche.. Niche Overlap and Response.. Species Interactions.. Summary.. Chapter 23.. Populations, Growth, and Regulation.. Fish Populations in General.. Present Status of Fish Populations.. Population Characteristics.. Population Growth.. Population Regulation.. Equilibrium/Nonequilibrium.. Carrying Capacity Problem.. Commercial Exploitation.. Summary..

Chapter 24. Instinct, Learning, and Social Behavior.. Why the Interest in Behavior?.. Instinctive Behavior and Innate Mechanisms.. Biological Clock (biorhythms.. Cognition and Learning.. Nonreproductive Social Behavior.. Cooperation.. Machiavellian Intelligence.. How to Study Behavior.. Case Study: Behavioral Interactions.. Summary.. Chapter 25. Trophic Concept and Feeding.. Trophic Concept.. Trophic Cascade.. Feeding adaptations.. Food and Selectivity.. Foraging Behavior and Theory.. Case Study: Prey response-A Matter of Humps?.. Summary.. Chapter 26. Reproductive Ecology and Life History Patterns.. Reproductive Process.. Life History Patterns.. Reproductive Effort and Energy Allocation.. Two Life History Strategies.. Reproductive Tradeoffs: R and K Selection and a 3-D Continuum.. Case Study: Timing of Spawning.. Summary.. Chapter 27. Migration.. Fish Move, Disperse, and Migrate.. Finding the Way Back-Homing.. Spawning Migrations.. Examples and Descriptions.. Case Study: Migration of Colorado Pikeminnow.. Summary.. Chapter 28. Larval Fish.. Introduction and Importance.. Reproduction and early Life.. Description and Taxonomy.. Larval Ontogeny.. Larval Fish Ecology.. The Niche Revisited.. Fisheries Ecology and Recruitment Concepts.. Case Study-Larval fish movement.. Summary.. Part VII. Applied Ecology: The Human Factor.. Chapter 29. Exploitation and Fisheries Management.. Introduction.. Historic Perspective.. Management Practices.. Fisheries: Practices and Problems.. Concepts of Sustainability.. Ecosystem Approach.. Case Study: Fish Salvage at Tracy.. Future of the Facility.. Summary.. Chapter 30. Conservation of Fishes I: Crisis and a Response.. Introduction.. Biodiversity.. Biodiversity Crisis.. Why and How Are Species Going Extinct?.. How many Fish Do We Need?.. Species Problem.. A Response: The New Conservation.. Endangered Fish Recovery?.. Case Study: Can Science Save the Salmon?.. Summary.. Chapter 31. Conservation of Fishes II: Understanding the Decline.. Five Causes.. Physical Habitat Alteration.. Introduced Species.. Overfishing.. Hybridization.. Water Pollution.. Are All suspects Guilty?.. Case Study: Chesapeake Bay-An Ecological Disaster.. Summary.. Chapter 32. Changes and the Future.. Introduction.. Interesting Times.. Global Climate.. GCC: Effects on Fish and Habitat.. Fish and Fisheries in the Future: Bad News and Good Prospects.. Welcome to the Twenty-First Century.. Appendix.. Glossary.. Literature Cited.. Taxonomic Index.. Subject Index

Written as a stand-alone textbook for students and a useful reference for professionals in government and private agencies, academic institutions, and consultants, Ecology and Conservation of Fishes provides broad, comprehensive, and systematic coverage of all aquatic systems from the mountains to the oceans. The book begins with overview discussions on the ecology, evolution, and diversity of fishes. It moves on to address freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems and identifies factors that affect the distribution and abundance of fishes. It then examines the adaptations of fishes as a response to constraints posed in ecosystems. The book concludes with four chapters on applied ecology to discuss the critical issues of management, conservation, biodiversity crises, and climate change. Major marine fisheries have collapsed, and there are worldwide declines in freshwater fish populations. Fishery scientists and managers must become more effective at understanding and dealing with resource issues. If not, fish species, communities, and entire ecosystems will continue to decline as habitats change and species are lost. Ecology and Conservation of Fishes has taken a historical and functional approach to explain how we got where we are, providing old and new with a better foundation as ecologists and conservationists, and most importantly, it awakens senses of purpose and need. Past management practices are reviewed, present programs considered, and the need for incorporating principles of applied ecology in future practices is emphasized. eng