Plants and microclimate: a quantitative approach to environmental plant physiology / Hamlyn G. Jones

Incluye bibliografía: páginas 360-395 e índice: páginas 96-407

Preface.. Acknowledgements.. Symbols.. Main abbreviations and acronyms.. Measurement of soil or plant water status.. Hydraulic flow.. Long-distance transport in the phloem.. Sample problems.. 1 A quantitative approach to plant-environment interactions.. 1.1 Modelling.. 1.2 Use of experiments.. 2 Radiation.. 2.1 Introduction.. 2.2 Radiation laws.. 2.3 Radiation measurement.. 2.4 Radiation in natural environments.. 2.5 Radiation in plant communities.. 2.6 Radiation distribution within plant canopies.. 2.7 Canopy reflectance and remote sensing.. 2.8 Direct and subcanopy methods for determining canopy structure.. 2.9 Concluding comments.. 2.10 Sample problems.. 3 Heat, mass and momentum transfer.. 3.1 Measures of concentration.. 3.2 Molecular transport processes.. 3.3 Convective and turbulent transfer.. 3.4 Transfer processes within and above plant canopies.. 3.5 Sample problems.. 4 Plant water relations.. 4.1 Physical and chemical properties of water.. 4.2 Cell water relations.. 5 Energy balance and evaporation.. 5.1 Energy balance.. 5.2 Evaporation.. 5.3 Measurement of evaporation rates.. 5.4 Evaporation from plant communities.. 5.5 Dew.. 5.6 Sample problems.. 6 Stomata.. 6.1 Distribution of stomata.. 6.2 Stomatal mechanics and mechanisms.. 6.3 Methods of study.. 6.4 Stomatal response to environment.. 6.5 Stomatal resistance in relation to other resistances.. 6.6 Stomatal function and the control loops.. 6.7 Sample problems.. 7 Photosynthesis and respiration.. 7.1 Photosynthesis.. 7.2 Respiration.. 7.3 Measurement and analysis of carbon dioxide exchange.. 7.4 Photosynthetic models.. 7.5 Chlorophyll fluorescence.. 7.6 Control of photosynthesis and photosynthetic 'limitations'.. 7.7 Carbon isotope discrimination.. 7.8 Response to environment.. 7.9 Photosynthetic efficiency and Productivity.. 7.10 Evolutionary and ecological aspects.. 7.11 Sample problems.. 8 Light and plant development.. 8.1 Introduction

8.2 Detection of the signal.. 8.3 Phytochrome control of development.. 8.4 Physiological responses.. 8.5 The role of plant growth regulators.. 8.6 Sample problem.. 9 Temperature.. 9.1 Physical basis of the control of tissue temperature.. 9.2 Physiological effects of temperature.. 9.3 Effects of temperature on plant development.. 9.4 Temperature extremes.. 9.5 Comments on some ecological aspects of temperature adaptation.. 9.6 Sample problems.. 10 Drought and other abiotic stresses.. 10.1 Plant water deficits and physiological processes.. 10.2 Drought tolerance.. 10.3 Further analysis of water use efficiency.. 10.4 Irrigation and irrigation scheduling.. 10.5 Other abiotic stresses.. 11 Other environmental factors: wind, altitude, climate change and atmospheric pollutants.. 11.1 Wind.. 11.2 Altitude.. 11.3 Climate change and the 'greenhouse effect'.. 11.4 Atmospheric pollutants.. 12 Physiology and crop yield improvement.. 12.1 Variety improvement.. 12.2 Modelling and determination of crop ideotype.. 12.3 Examples of applications.. Appendices.. Appendix 1 Units and conversion factors.. Appendix 2 Mutual diffusion coefficients for binary mixtures containing air or water at. 20°C. Appendix 3 Some temperature-dependent properties of air and water.. Appendix 4 Temperature dependence of air humidity and associated quantities.. Appendix 5 Thermal properties and densities of various materials and tissues at. 20°C. Appendix 6 Physical constants and other quantities.. Appendix 7 Solar geometry and radiation approximations.. Appendix 8 Measurement of leaf boundary layer conductance.. Appendix 9 Derivation of Equation: páginas .9.. Appendix 10 Answers to sample problems.. References.. Index

This rigorous yet accessible text introduces the key physical and biochemical processes involved in plant interactions with the aerial environment. It is designed to make the more numerical aspects of the subject accessible to plant and environmental science students, and will also provide a valuable reference source to practitioners and researchers in the field. The third edition of this widely recognised text has been completely revised and updated to take account of key developments in the field. Approximately half of the references are new to this edition and relevant online resources are also incorporated for the first time. The recent proliferation of molecular and genetic research on plants is related to whole plant responses, showing how these new approaches can advance our understanding of the biophysical interactions between plants and the atmosphere. Remote sensing technologies and their applications in the study of plant function are also covered in greater detail. • Ideal for students with a limited background in mathematics, making numerical aspects of plant physiology accessible to a wider audience. • Contains questions covering the main topics, along with fully worked answers, allowing students to check their understanding of the key concepts. • Extensive glossary of symbols and abbreviations aids understanding of complex ideas and equations. eng