Crop genetic resources as a global commons: challenges in international law and governance / edited by Michael Halewood, Isabel López Noriega, and Selim Louafi

Incluye bibliografía e índice: páginas 392-399

List of tables.. List of figures.. List of contributors.. Acknowledgements.. 1 The global crop commons and access and benefit-sharing laws: examining the limits of international policy support for the collective pooling and management of plant genetic resources.. PART I.. Setting the scene: countries' interdependence on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the imperative of international cooperation.. 2 Demonstrating interdependence on plant genetic resources for food and agricultura.. 3 Flows of crop germplasm resources into and out of China.. 4 Crop and forage genetic resources: international interdependence in the face of climate change.. 5 Changing rates of acquisition of plant genetic resources by international gene banks: setting the scene to monitor an impact of the International Treaty.. PART II.. The history and design of the International Treaty's multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing.. 6 A brief history of the negotiations on the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.. 7 The design and mechanics of the multilateral system of access and benefit sharing.. 8 Protecting the interests of the multilateral system under the Standard Material Transfer Agreement: the third party beneficiary.. 9 Plant genetic resources under the management and control of the contracting parties and in the public domain: how rich is the ITPGRFA's multilateral system?.. 10 Efforts to get the multilateral system up and running: a review of activities coordinated by the Treaty's Secretariat.. PART III.. Critical reflections.. 11 Assessment of progress to make the multilateral system functional: incentives and challenges at the country level.. 12 From negotiations to implementation: global review of achievements, bottlenecks and opportunities for the Treaty in general and for the multilateral system in particular

13 The multilateral system of access and benefit sharing: could it have been constructed another way?.. 14 The moving scope of Annex 1: the list of crops covered under the multilateral system.. 15 Building a global information system in support of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.. 16 Collective action challenges in the implementation of the multilateral system of the International Treaty: what roles for the CGIAR centres?.. 17 International and regional cooperation in the implementation of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.. 18 The evolving global system of conservation and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: what is it and where does the Treaty fit in?.. 19 Institutionalizing global genetic resource commons for food and agricultura.. Index

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"A rigorous, in-depth analysis of successful commons governance on a global scale has long been an under-researched, often overlooked and poorly understood area of study. Yet the critical importance of collaborative management of global resources requires urgent attention. In this groundbreaking volume, Halewood, López Noriega, and Louafi have assembled an international group of leading scholars and practitioners to systematically guide us through the complex terrain of crop genetic resources and agricultural biodiversity as global commons. The thoroughness of the analysis along with the lessons learned from practical applications will serve as indispensable tools for students of all types of global-commons resources." -Charlotte Hess, co-editor with Elinor Ostrom of 'Understanding Knowledge as a Commons' and Associate Dean for Research, Collections, and Scholarly Communication for Syracuse University Library. "The preservation and enhancement of agrobiodiversity is of huge importance in a world that shall witness more disruptive climate shocks in the future, and in which food-deficit regions shall be increasingly dependent on food-surplus regions. This volume makes a strong case for governing plant genetic resources in ways that promote the evolution and conservation of agrobiodiversity, and to ensure that they are available to be used by all regions to adapt better to a changing environment. Yet, it is more than just another book about the governance of natural resources by the best experts in the field: it is also an indispensable tool to understand the future of agriculture in a world of dwindling resources and biodiversity loss." -Olivier de Schutter, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food. eng

"These meticulous studies of the FAO Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture are of major theoretical and empirical importance to scholars and practitioners seeking a workable, transnational regime to govern all genetic resources for research and benefit sharing under the evolving international legal framework." -Jerome H. Reichman, Bunyan S. Womble Professor of Law, Duke Law School, USA Farmers have engaged in collective systems of conservation and innovation - improving crops and sharing their reproductive materials - since the earliest plant domestications. Relatively open flows of plant germplasm attended the early spread of agriculture; they continued in the wake of (and were driven by) imperialism, colonization, emigration, trade, development assistance and climate change. As crops have moved around the world, and agricultural innovation and production systems have expanded, so too has the scope and coverage of pools of shared plant genetic resources that support those systems. The range of actors involved in their conservation and use has also increased dramatically. This book addresses how the collective pooling and management of shared plant genetic resources for food and agriculture can be supported through laws regulating access to genetic resources and the sharing of benefits arising from their use. eng

Since the most important recent development in the field has been the creation of the multilateral system of access and benefit-sharing under the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, many of the chapters in this book focus on the architecture and functioning of that system. The book analyzes tensions that are threatening to undermine the potential of access and benefit-sharing laws to support the collective pooling of plant genetic resources, and identifies opportunities to address those tensions in ways that could increase the scope, utility and sustainability of the global crop commons. eng

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