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The Inter-Relationship Between Irrigation, Drainage and the Environment in the Aral Sea Basin

  • Book
  • © 1996

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Editors:
  1. Marinus G. Bos

    1. International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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Part of the book series: NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 2 (ASEN2, volume 22)

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About this book

The irrigated area in the Aral Sea basin totals about 7. 5 million hectare. Part of the water supplied to this area is consumed by the irrigated crop; the remainder of the supplied water drains to the groundwater basin, to downstream depressions, or back to the rivers. During its use, however, this drained part of the water accumulates salts and chemicals. The disposal of this polluted water causes a variety of (environmental) problems. If the percentage consumed water of the total water supply to an irrigated area (the so-called overall consumed ratio) can be increased, less water needs to be drained. This alleviates part of the related (environmental) problems. Further, if the overall consumed ratio for the above 7. 5 million hectare is improved, less water needs to be diverted from the rivers. Hence, more water can flow towards the Aral Sea. As mentioned above, part of the non-consumed irrigation water drains to the groundwater basin. Commonly, the natural discharge capacity of this basin is insufficient to handle this imported water. As a result, the groundwater table rises towards the land surface causing waterlogging. In (semi-)arid zones this waterlogging triggers a soil salinity problem resulting to a significant reduction in crop yields. The artificial increase of the discharge capacity, and lowering of the groundwater table, solves the soil salinity problem.

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Table of contents (20 chapters)

  1. Front Matter

    Pages i-viii
    Download chapter PDF

  2. Conclusions and Recommendations

    • Marinus G. Bos
    Pages 1-5

  3. The Interrelationship between Irrigation, Drainage and the Environment

    • M. G. Bos, R. van Aart
    Pages 7-19

  4. Environmental Benefits of Reducing Collector-Drain Runoff and Ways to Improve Irrigation Water Quality in the Rivers of the Aral Sea Basin

    • Vadim Berdjansky, Igor Zaks
    Pages 21-26

  5. Planning for Drainage Development in the Aral Sea Basin

    • Walter J. Ochs, Lambert K. Smedema
    Pages 27-33

  6. Impressions and Findings of a Study Tour to Karakalpakia in Central Asia

    • Peter Wolff
    Pages 35-43

  7. Drainage Development in the Arid Zones of Central Asia

    • Victor Dukhovny
    Pages 45-53

  8. Choice of Envelope Materials for the Rehabilitation of the Drainage Network in Uzbekistan

    • Nikolay Goroshkov, Aurika Galustyan
    Pages 55-59

  9. The Construction and Effectiveness of Combined Drainage Systems

    • Pulat Umarov
    Pages 61-67

  10. The Contribution of Horizontal Subsurface Drainage to Solving the Aral Sea Economic and Environmental Problem

    • David B. Chalcroft
    Pages 69-82

  11. Flow through Wetlands for Controlling Water Quality in Discharges from Irrigated Areas

    • Jan C. Post Sr., Walter J. Ochs
    Pages 83-89

  12. Comparing Surface and Subsurface Drainage in Rice Irrigation Systems of Kazakhstan

    • A. A. Dzhumabekov
    Pages 91-93

  13. Environmental and Economic Benefit of Subsurface Horizontal Drainage Construction

    • Berdjansky Vladimir, Berdjansky Vadim
    Pages 95-100

  14. Improving Drainage Water Quality by Constructing Wetland Ecosystems in the Catchment Area of the Amu Darya, Aral Sea Region

    • Peter Veen, Anatoly Krutov
    Pages 101-111

  15. Irrigation Systems, Water Use Efficiency and Environmental Impacts

    • I. Papadopoulos
    Pages 113-123

  16. Measures to Increase the Efficiency of Irrigated Lands in Kyrgyzstan

    • Ivan Duyunov
    Pages 125-128

  17. The Use of Decision Support Systems in Water Management

    • Jean-Pierre R. A. Sweerts, Peter C. G. Glas
    Pages 129-142

  18. Conjunctive Water Management for the Aral Sea Basin

    • Lyman S. Willardson
    Pages 143-152

  19. Drainage Problems and Solutions in the San Joaquin Valley of California, U.S.A.

    • Joseph C. McGahan
    Pages 153-160

  20. The Use of Specific Environmental Publications for Local Capacity Building for Irrigation and Drainage Projects Within the Aral Sea Basin

    • T. C. Dougherty
    Pages 161-173
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Editors and Affiliations

  • International Institute for Land Reclamation and Improvement, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Marinus G. Bos

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