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Persistent Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil from the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDE), and four heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium, and lead) in outdoor surface soils (50 samples) collected from the metropolitan area of Monterrey in Mexico. Total PBDEs levels ranged from 1.80 to 127 µg/kg, with mean total PBDEs level of 14.2 ± 21.5 µg/kg (geometric mean ± standard deviation). For PCBs, the mean total level in the studied soils was 23.5 ± 20.2 µg/kg (range 4.0–65.5 µg/kg). An important finding in our study was that all soil samples (100 %) had detectable levels of the metabolite p,p′-DDE. Moreover, the mean total DDT level (∑p′p-DDT and p′p-DDE) was approximately 132 ± 175 µg/kg. The mean levels for arsenic, cadmium, and lead in soil were 5.30 ± 1.35 (range 1.55–7.85) mg/kg, 2.20 ± 1.20 (range 0.65–6.40) mg/kg, and 455 ± 204 (range 224–1230) mg/kg, respectively. Our study has several limitations, the most notable of which is the small sample of soils evaluated. However, this screening study provided concentration data for the occurrence of POPs and four heavy metals in soil from the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, and taking into consideration that soil is an important pathway of exposure for people, a biomonitoring program for the surveillance of the general population in the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon is deemed necessary.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grant from the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Mexico, CONACYT-SEMARNAT 2014-1- 249421. The authors thank Miss. Laura Carmen Martínez for helping with English editing.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología (CIACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Sandra Teresa Orta-García, Angeles Catalina Ochoa-Martinez, Leticia Carrizalez-Yáñez, José Antonio Varela-Silva, Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez, Lucia Guadalupe Pruneda-Álvarez & Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado

  2. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico

    Sandra Teresa Orta-García, Angeles Catalina Ochoa-Martinez, Leticia Carrizalez-Yáñez, José Antonio Varela-Silva, Francisco Javier Pérez-Vázquez, Lucia Guadalupe Pruneda-Álvarez & Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado

  3. Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico

    José Antonio Varela-Silva

  4. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico

    Arturo Torres-Dosal

  5. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico

    Jorge Luis Guzmán-Mar

  6. Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Rioverde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico

    Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado

  7. Avenida Sierra Leona No. 550, Colonia Lomas Segunda Sección, San Luis Potosí, 78210, SLP, Mexico

    Iván N. Pérez-Maldonado

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  1. Sandra Teresa Orta-García
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Orta-García, S.T., Ochoa-Martinez, A.C., Carrizalez-Yáñez, L. et al. Persistent Organic Pollutants and Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil from the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 70, 452–463 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-015-0239-3

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