Auricularia spp.: edible mushrooms with broad biotechnological properties

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An account is made of the importance, technology of cultivation and advances in medicinal and biotechnological applications of the edible species of Auricularia. This genus represents the third most cultivated mushroom worldwide and is the oldest cultivated by humans. It is a tropical and subtropical fungus that grows frequently in places with average temperatures between 18 and 27°C. It is grown mainly in Southeast Asia. As a formula for cultivation in different parts of the world, various sawdust and wheat straw raw materials used either alone or mixed with bran are reported, as well as supplemented corncobs. Antioxidant and medicinal qualities are mentioned in the treatment of heart problems, diabetes and certain types of cancer. From a biotechnological point of view, this genus has broad expectations of application for bioremediation of recalcitrant and emerging pollutants. eng