Larval nutritional effects on male and female survival and fecundity in Anastrepha ludens

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The three major macronutrients – proteins (P), carbohydrates (C), and lipids (L) – constitute the fundamental nutrient niche. In order to meet their nutritional requirements, organisms need to assess their nutritional state, select suitable foods, and regulate the amount of food eaten. The objective of this study was to determine whether larval nutrition could have a differential effect on female and male survival and fecundity by manipulating the P:C:L ratios in diet environments. We manipulated food availability during the larval stages, subjecting the larvae to food regimes with different P:C:L ratios. Upon adult emergence, we examined the fecundity, fertility, survival, and longevity of the various larval nutrition treatments. We then assessed the reproductive performance (fecundity and egg hatching) under an ad libitum food regime. We found that the concentration of macronutrients in the larval hemolymph indicates that the P:C:L ratio in the larval diet affects the assignment of macronutrients, and this effect is carried over to males and females differently. A larval diet with high carbohydrate content affects the carryover of macronutrients and male and female fitness. According to the life-history traits, an adult that emerged from a larva with high lipid content in the hemolymph could suggest better health status. Insects with high cold tolerance have high body lipids content. Interactions between lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins suggest that their relative ratios must be taken into consideration in the design and improvement of artificial diets. eng