Environmental geochemistry: site characterization, data analysis and case histories / edited by: Benedetto De Vivo, Harvey E. Belkin and Annamaria Lima

Incluye bibliografía e índice: páginas 611-623

Contributors.. Preface.. Acknowledgments.. 1. Field Methods in Regional Geochemical Surveys.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Sampling Media.. 3. Sampling Density.. 4. Sampling Networks.. 5. Quality Assurance in Sampling.. 6. Sampling Procedures.. 7. Documentation of Field Data.. 8. Photography.. 9. Sample Archive.. References.. 2. Sampling Methods for Site Characterization.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Site Characterization.. 3. Basic Sampling Types.. 4. Some Further Sampling Considerations.. 5. Summary.. References.. 3. Contaminated Groundwater Sapling and Quality Control of Water Analyses.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Groundwater Sampling Objectives.. 3. Choosing the Right Portable Sampling Devices.. 4. Avoiding Cross-Contamination.. 5. Water-Level Measurements.. 6. Well Purging Techniques.. 7. On-Site Water-Quality Measurements.. 8. Preservation and Handling of Samples.. 9. Quality Assurance and Quality-Control Procedures.. 10. Data Validation.. 11. Health and Safety in Fieldwork.. References.. 4. The Collection of Drainage Samples for Environmental Analyses from Active Stream Channels.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Drainage Basins.. 3. Drainage Sampling.. 4. Sampling Strategy.. 5. Procedures.. 6. Discussion.. 7. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 5. Data Conditioning of Environmental Geochemical Data: Quality Control Procedures Used in the British Geological Survey’s Regional Geochemical Mapping Project.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Planning Quality Control—Quality Assurance.. 3. Raw Data Checking.. 4. Statistical Analyses and Plotting of Control Sample Data.. 5. Levelling Data.. 6. Discussion.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 6. Gas Chromatographic Methods of Chemical Analysis of Organics and Their Quality Control.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Sample Preparation—Aqueous Samples.. 3. Sample Preparation—Soil Samples.. 4. Cleanup Techniques.. 5. Instrumental Analysis.. 6. Data Analysis.. 7. Quality Control.. 8. Internal QC.. 9. External Laboratory QC.. References.. 7. Evaluation of Geochemical Background at Regional and Local Scales by Fractal Filtering Technique: Case Studies in Selected Italian Areas.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Multifractal Interpolation and Fractal Concentration–Area (C–A) Method.. 3. Background/Baseline Geochemical Map Obtained by Fractal Filtering (S–A) Method.. 4. Pb and U Background Values for Campania Region Stream Sediments.. 5. Pb Background Values for the Volcanic Soils of the Metropolitan and Provincial Areas of Napoli.. 6. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 8. Urban Geochemical Mapping.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Definition of Geochemical Background and Baseline at an Urban Scale.. 3. Planning Urban Geochemical Mapping.. 4. Sampling Protocols and Field Activities.. 5. Sample Preparation and Analyses.. 6. Geochemical Data Presentation.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 9. Chemical Speciation to Assess Potentially Toxic Metals’ (PTMs’) Bioavailability and Geochemical Forms in Polluted Soils.. 1. Introduction.. 2. PTMs’ Forms in Soil and Bioavailability.. 3. The Need of Speciation and Speciation Methods.. 4. Plant Bioavailability.. 5. Human Bioavailability.. 6. PTMS’ Partitioning Between Soil Geochemical Phases.. 7. Applications of PTMS’ Speciation for Risk and Remediation Assessment.. 8. Concluding Remarks.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 10. Overview of Selected Soil Pore Water Extraction Methods for the Determination of Potentially Toxic Elements in Contaminated Soils: Operational and Technical Aspects.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Methods for Sampling Soil Pore Water.. 3. Description and Discussion of Selected Methods.. 4. Conclusions and Recommendations.. References.. 11. Sewage Sludge in Europe and in the UK: Environmental Impact and Improved Standards for Recycling and Recovery to Land.. 1. Wastewater and Sludge: Definitions and Treatment.. 2. Wastewater and Sludge Composition.. 3. The Legislative Debate and Regulative Tools in Europe and in the UK.. 4. Reuse and Disposal of Sewage Sludge in the UK.. 5. Encouraging the Recycling of Sludge.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 12. Lead Isotopes as Monitors of Anthropogenic and Natural Sources Affecting the Surficial Environment.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Geologic Setting.. 3. Results.. 4. Discussion.. 5. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References..

13. Environmental Impact of the Disposal of Solid By-Products from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Processes.. 1. Introduction.. 2. MSW Incineration.. 3. Treatment of Flue Gas from MSW Incineration.. 4. Solid By-Products from MSW Incineration.. 5. Plasma Pyrolysis for Waste Treatment.. 6. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 14. Innovative Responses to Challenges: Redevelopment of Cos Cob Brownfields Site, Connecticut, USA.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Introduction to Brownfields.. 3. The Challenges of Brownfields.. 4. Tools to Respond to Brownfields Challenges.. 5. Introduction to Case Study: Cos Cob Power Plant, Connecticut.. 6. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 15. Characterization and Remediation of a Brownfield Site: The Bagnoli Case in Italy.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Environmental Remediation of the Brownfield Site.. 3. Geological Settings of the Bagnoli–Fuorigrotta Area and Stratigraphy of the Brownfield Site.. 4. Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Pollution.. 5. Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Bagnoli–Fuorigrotta Plain.. 6. Site Characterization.. 7. Natural and Anthropogenic Components for the Pollution.. 8. Chemical–Structural Characterization of Waste Material and Leachability Tests.. 9. Asbestos Characterization and Remediation.. 10. Preliminary Operative Remediation Plan.. 11. Securing the Site.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 16. Relationships Between Heavy Metal Distribution and Cancer Mortality Rates in the Campania Region, Italy.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Geology, Geochemical Data, and Cancer Mortality Data of Campania Region.. 3. Methods.. 4. Discussion of Results.. 5. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 17. Chronic Arsenic Poisoning from Domestic Combustion of Coal in Rural China: A Case Study of the Relationship Between Earth Materials and Human Health.. 1. Introduction.. 2. Previous Studies.. 3. The Size of the Problem.. 4. Symptoms and Etiology of Arsenosis.. 5. Methods.. 6. Geological Setting.. 7. Geochemistry of the Coal.. 8. Mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence of Arsenic in Guizhou Coal.. 9. Chinese Sedimentary Rock-Hosted, Carlin-Type, Gold Deposits.. 10. Metamorphism of Coal and Trace-Element Enrichment.. 11. Mitigation of Chronic Arsenic Poisoning in Guizhou Province.. 12. Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 18: Biological, Chemical, and Environmental Hazards of Desert Dust to Military Personnel.. 1 Introduction.. 2 “Operation Sandbox”-Study of Airborne Particle Sizes, Quantity, and Other Health Risks.. 3 Exposure to Mineralized Dust-Particle Size, Quantity, and Health Risks.. 4. Exposure to Mineralized Dust-Chemical Content and Heavy and Trece Metals.. 5 EXposure to Mineralized Dust-Biological Exposures and Infectious Diseases.. 6 Medical Consequences of Middle East Dust Exposure.. 7 Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 19: Environmental Characteristics and Utilization Potential of Metallurgical Slag.. 1 Introduction.. 2 Metallurgical Processes.. 3 Factors That Influences Environmental Behavior.. 4 Slag as a Resource.. 5 Environmental Liability or Valuable Resource?.. 6 Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 20: Polyurethane Foam-Based Passive Air Samplers in Monitoring Persistent Organic Pollutants: Theory and Application.. 1 Introduction.. 2 Principles.. 3 Progress of the PUF-PAS in Monitoring POPs.. 4 Case History.. 5 Perspective.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 21: Legacies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Soil of China-A Review, and Cases in Southwest and Southeast China.. 1 Introduction.. 2 Origins and Environmental Chemistry of OCP’s.. 3 The Past and Present of OCP’s in China.. 4 Regional Distributions and Factors Influencing the OCP’s Distributions: Case Studies From Southwest and Southeast China.. 5 Conclusions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 22. Soil and Water Contamination by Potentially Hazardous Elements: A Case History From India.. 1 Introduction.. 2 PHEs and Their Effects.. 3 Health and Environmental Effects of PHEs.. 4 Description and Abstracted Case Studies of Some Contaminated Areas From India.. 5 Description of the Study Area.. 6 Risk Assessment and Methodology.. 7 Conclusions.. 8 Recommendations.. Acknowledgments.. References.. 23. A Microbial Analysis Primer for Biogeochemists.. 1 Methods for Measuring Microbial Abundance.. Methods for Measuring Microbial Diversity Functions.. Acknowledgments.. References.. Index

Environmental Geochemistry: Site Characterization, Data Analysis and Case Histories, Second Edition, reviews the role of geochemistry in the environment and details state-of-the-art applications of these principles in the field, specifically in pollution and remediation situations. Chapters cover both philosophy and procedures, as well as applications, in an array of issues in environmental geochemistry including health problems related to environment pollution, waste disposal and data base management. This updated edition also includes illustrations of specific case histories of site characterization and remediation of brownfield sites. eng