Microclimate management: from traditional agriculture to livestock systems in tropical environments / Manuel Jesús Cach Pérez, Gilberto Villanueva López, José Armando Alayón Gamboa, José Nahed Toral, and Fernando Casanova Lugo

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Microclimate plays a determining role in the development of biotic and abiotic interactions within agriculture and livestock systems and the physiological and productive performance of plants and animals. Given that management practices determine the degree of microclimate modification within production areas, different agriculture and livestock management strategies can contribute to reducing the effects of climate change, a phenomenon that puts food sustainability at risk. Climate-smart agriculture can develop agroforestry-based production systems that contribute to soil water retention, soil and air temperature reduction, nutrient fixation, weed control, soil stabilization, and protection against wind and runoff in the improved physiological performance of crops and, therefore, higher productivity. Moreover, the implementation of silvopastoral systems contributes to the efficient use of water and space and forage production in livestock systems, making them more productive, profitable, durable, and resistant to climate change. This chapter exemplifies climate-smart management schemes that can be applied in tropical production systems. eng