Protease inhibitors from plants as therapeutic agents‑ a review

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Plant-based diets are a great source of protease inhibitors (PIs). Two of the most well-known families of PIs are Bowman Birk inhibitors (BBI) and Kunitz-type inhibitors (KTI). The frst group acts mainly on trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase; the second is on serine, cysteine, and aspartic proteases. PIs can retard or inhibit the catalytic action of enzymes; therefore, they are considered non-nutritional compounds; nevertheless, animal studies and cell line experiments showed promising results of PIs in treating human illnesses such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, infammatory processes, and diferent types of cancer (gastric, colorectal, breast, and lung cancer). Anticarcinogenic activity's proposed mechanisms of action comprise several inhibitory efects at diferent molecular levels, i.e., transcription, post-transcription, translation, post-translation, and secretion of cancer cells. This work reviews the potential therapeutic applications of PIs as anticarcinogenic and anti-infammatory agents in human diseases and the mechanisms by which they exert these efects. eng