Rural Latin America in transition: development and Change in Mexico and Venezuela / Ray Watters

Incluye bibliografía e índice: páginas 317-322

Glosario: páginas 313-315

1 Introduction.. Methodology and Approach.. Part I: Working in Latin America and the Paradoxes of Developmentalism (Chapter 2).. Part II: Mexico from Revolution to a New Emerging Order (Chapters 3–6).. Part III: Economics and Politics in Venezuela (Chapters 7–9).. Conclusion: A Revitalization of the Peasantry and Its New Role in an Agroecological Revolution.. References.. Part I Developmentalism.. 2 Working in Latin America: The Paradoxes of Developmentalism.. The Invention of Developmentalism.. Working in Latin America.. The Importance of Social and Cultural Context.. The Importance of Cultural Ecology and History.. Looking at the Inside: The Peasantry.. Latin America: Prerevolutionary Patterns and Revolutionary Forces of Change.. Modernization and Change.. The Alliance for Progress.. Economic Policies and the CEPAL Approach.. References.. 3 The Agroecological Revolution.. The Revival of the Peasantry.. Food, Peasants, and Agroecology in Latin America.. The New Agroecological Revolution in Latin America.. Food Crises in the Twenty-First Century.. Revival of Ancient Forgotten Foods?.. Traditional Peasant Agriculture: The Basis of a New Agroecological Approach.. Social and Economic Change: Transition from Traditional Subsistence Agriculture to Semicommercial and Commercial Farming.. Peasant Agriculture and Climate Change.. The Campesino a Campesino Movement.. The Return of the Peasants.. References.. Part II Mexico.. 4 Southern Mexico: Revolution, Agrarian Reform, and Rural Development.. The Mexican Revolution.. Agrarian Reform.. Reform and the Peasantry.. The Legacy of Revolution: The Emergence of a Modern Capitalist State.. Population Explosion.. Agricultural Decline and the Neoliberal “Solution”.. Agricultural Decline and the Ejido Sector.. References.. 5 Mexico in the New Emerging World Order.. The New Maize Doctrine and the Peasantry.. The Other Mexico: The Case of Chiapas.. Structures and Systems of Repression and Impoverishment.. Chiapas in 2010.. Oligarchic One-Party Rule.. References.. 6 Recent Developments in Mexico: Can Mexico Remake Itself?.. A New Populist of the Pueblos.. Rapid Urbanization.. Mexico Is a Complex Country Shaping Its Own Future.. Misallocation and Poor Productivity in Mexican Industries.. References.. Part III Venezuela.. 7 Economic Backwardness in the Venezuelan Andes.. Introduction: The Dual Economy.. Andean Society and Economy.. Calderas-Altamira: Failure of the Institutional Framework.. Upper Cojedes Basin: Land-Tenure Anomalies and Agricultural Regression.. La Quebrada: “Minifundio Mentality” and Rural Stagnation.. References.. 8 The Situation in the Llanos.. The Maracaibo Lowlands: Migration as a Solution.. Agriculture in the Lowlands.. The Advantages of Living in the Tierra Caliente.. The Way Forward.. The Minifundio Mentality: A Form of the Culture of Poverty.. References.. 9 Venezuela Revisited: 1979 and 2010—Betancourt.. Urbanization Since the 1960s.. Political Development: The Role of Rómulo Betancourt.. Agriculture and “Agrarian Reform” in the Llanos.. Later Political Developments.. The Evolution of the Petro-State and Its Consequences.. La Apertura.. References.. 10 The Economic Crisis and the Chávez Presidency.. Venezuelan Revolution and the Chávez Legacy.. Macroeconomic Management and Attempting a Transition to Socialism.. Charisma in Decline: Dictatorship and Intimidation.. Chávez: Death and Legacy.. Rapid Urbanization and the Decline of the Peasantry.. Two Remarkable Leaders.. References.. 11 Venezuela: Chaos and Decline.. The Ellner Thesis.. The López Maya Thesis.. The Political Context: The Emergence of Chavista Populism.. Socialism of the Twenty-First Century: The Emergence of the Communal State.. The Economic Model: Rentier Socialism.. The Socioeconomic Situation.. The Fight Against Corruption.. A Country Falling Apart.. US Sanctions Venezuela’s Vice President.. Venezuela Faces Opposition Activists and Student Prisoners.. A Plea for Peace and Reason.. References.. 12 Maduro Makes a Mockery of Democracy in Venezuela.. Opponents of Maduro Continue Protests: Growing Anger Among the Poor and Urban Ex-Peasants.. Venezuela “Air Attack”.. Maduro Government Jails Two Opposition Leaders.. Opposition Leader Released from Jail by Maduro.. Venezuelans Fleeing Their Country as It Collapses.. Is Venezuela About to Plunge into Civil War?.. Intervention of US Vice President Mike Pence.. The Economy: Cash Is Vanishing in Venezuela.. The Health Crisis: “Blood on the Black Market”.. Venezuelan Crisis Unfolding.. The Lima Group.. Sanctions Tighten on Maduro.. The Collapse of Venezuela.. Maduro’s Authoritarianism in Charge.. References.. 13 Epilogue.. A Reflection on Peasants of Chiapas, Mexico, in 2010.. The Insecure Situation of the Middle Peasantry.. Democracy and Development.. United Nations Censures Maduro and His Government for Crimes Against Humanity.. References.. Glossary: Mexico and Venezuela.. Index

This book provides an in-depth and broad study on rural Latin America over a 60-year period. Using a case study approach of Mexico and Venezuela, peasants and lower rural classes are examined at the local, meso and national levels. Additionally, the study analyzes government policies, development, and leadership in each country. Latin America has tried to ride the waves of globalization, worldwide economic and environmental crises; the author examines Mexico and Venezuela's relations with the political hegemony of superpowers like the US, EU and China. The material will appeal to researchers, graduate students and policy makers in the fields of rural development, Latin American politics, and international relations. eng