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The effects of human land use on flow regime and water chemistry of headwater streams in the highlands of Chiapas

Castillo, M. M [autor/a] | Morales, H [autora] | Valencia Barrera, Emmanuel [autor] | Morales, J. J [autor/a] | Cruz Motta, J. J [autor/a].
Tipo de material: Artículo ArtículoTipo de contenido: Texto Tipo de medio: Computadora Tipo de portador: Recurso en líneaOtro título: Les effets de l'utilisation des terres sur le régime d'écoulement et la composition chimique de l'eau des ruisseaux de tête de bassin des plateaux du Chiapas [Título paralelo].Tema(s): Calidad del agua | Cambio de uso de la tierra | Deforestación | Suelos agrícolas | Zonas ripícolasTema(s) en inglés: Water quality | Land use change | Deforestation | Farmland | Riparian zonesDescriptor(es) geográficos: Reserva Ecológica Huitepec, San Cristóbal de Las Casas (Chiapas, México) Nota de acceso: Disponible para usuarios de ECOSUR con su clave de acceso En: Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. número 407 (2012), páginas 1-17. --ISSN: 1961-9502Número de sistema: 35870Resumen:
Inglés

We studied the effects of land use changes on flow regime and water chemistry of headwater streams in the highlands of Chiapas, a region in southern Mexico that has experienced high rates of deforestation in the last decades. Samples for water chemistry were collected and discharge was measured between September 2007 and August 2008 at eight streams that differed in the land uses of their riparian and catchment areas, including streams draining protected forested areas. Streams with high forest cover (>70%) in their catchments maintained flow through the year. Streams draining more disturbed catchments exhibited reduced or no flow for 4−6 months during the dry season. Nitrate concentrations were lower at streams draining forested catchments while highest concentrations were measured where conventional agriculture covered a high proportion of the catchment and riparian zone. Highest phosphorus concentrations occurred at the catchment where poultry manure was applied as fertilizer. Differences between forest streams and those draining disturbed areas were correlated with the proportion of forest and agriculture in the riparian zone. Variation in stream variables among sampling dates was lower at the forest sites than at the more disturbed study streams. Conversion of forest into agriculture and urban areas is affecting flow regime and increasing nutrient concentrations, although the magnitude of the impacts are influenced by the type of agricultural practices and the alteration of the riparian zone.

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Disponible para usuarios de ECOSUR con su clave de acceso

We studied the effects of land use changes on flow regime and water chemistry of headwater streams in the highlands of Chiapas, a region in southern Mexico that has experienced high rates of deforestation in the last decades. Samples for water chemistry were collected and discharge was measured between September 2007 and August 2008 at eight streams that differed in the land uses of their riparian and catchment areas, including streams draining protected forested areas. Streams with high forest cover (>70%) in their catchments maintained flow through the year. Streams draining more disturbed catchments exhibited reduced or no flow for 4−6 months during the dry season. Nitrate concentrations were lower at streams draining forested catchments while highest concentrations were measured where conventional agriculture covered a high proportion of the catchment and riparian zone. Highest phosphorus concentrations occurred at the catchment where poultry manure was applied as fertilizer. Differences between forest streams and those draining disturbed areas were correlated with the proportion of forest and agriculture in the riparian zone. Variation in stream variables among sampling dates was lower at the forest sites than at the more disturbed study streams. Conversion of forest into agriculture and urban areas is affecting flow regime and increasing nutrient concentrations, although the magnitude of the impacts are influenced by the type of agricultural practices and the alteration of the riparian zone. eng

Nous avons étudié l'influence des changements d'aménagement du territoire sur le régime hydrographique et la composition hydrochimique de ruisseaux des plateaux du Chiapas, une région au sud du Mexique qui a subi une déforestation de grande ampleur ces dernières décennies. Entre septembre 2007 et août 2008, nous avons prélevé des échantillons d'eau et avons mesuré l'écoulement au niveau de 8 ruisseaux, qui différaient par l'utilisation des terres de leurs bassins versants et de leurs zones riveraines; ceci incluait des ruisseaux drainant des zones forestières protégées. Les ruisseaux avec une couverture forestière importante dans leurs bassins versants (>70 %) étaient en eau toute l'année. Les cours d'eau drainant des bassins versants plus antropisés montraient une réduction ou non du flux durant 4 à 6 mois lors de la saison sèche. Les concentrations en nitrates étaient plus basses dans les ruisseaux drainant des bassins versants forestiers tandis que les plus hautes concentrations furent mesurées lorsque l'agriculture conventionnelle occupait une partie importante des bassins versants et des zones riveraines. La conversion de forêts en zones agricoles et urbaines affecte les régimes hydrographiques et augmente les concentrations en substance nutritive; en outre, l'impact varie selon le type d'agriculture pratiquée et le degré d'altération des zones riveraines. fra

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