Vegetation ecology / edited by Eddy van der Maarel and Janet Franklin

Incluye bibliografía e índice: páginas 531-556

Contributors.. Preface.. 1 Vegetation Ecology: Historical Notes and Outline.. 1.1 Vegetation ecology at the community level.. 1.2 Internal organization of plant communities.. 1.3 Structure and function in plant communities and ecosystems.. 1.4 Human impact on plant communities.. 1.5 Vegetation ecology at regional to global scales.. 1.6 Epilogue.. References.. 2 Classification of Natural and Semi-natural Vegetation.. 2.1 Introduction.. 2.2 Classification frameworks: history and function.. 2.3 Components of vegetation classification.. 2.4 Project planning and data acquisition.. 2.5 Data preparation and integration.. 2.6 Community entitation.. 2.7 Cluster assessment.. 2.8 Community characterization.. 2.9 Community determination.. 2.10 Classification integration.. 2.11 Documentation.. 2.12 Future directions and challenges.. References.. 3 Vegetation and Environment: Discontinuities and Continuities.. 3.1 Introduction.. 3.2 Early history.. 3.3 Development of numerical methods.. 3.4 Current theory: continuum and community.. 3.5 Current indirect ordination methods.. 3.6 Species distribution modelling or direct gradient analysis.. 3.7 Synthesis.. Acknowledgements.. References.. 4 Vegetation Dynamics.. 4.1 Introduction.. 4.2 The causes of vegetation dynamics.. 4.3 Succession in action: interaction of causes in different places.. 4.4 Common characteristics across successions.. 4.5 Summary.. Acknowledgements.. References.. 5 Clonality in the Plant Community.. 5.1 Modularity and clonality.. 5.2 Where do we find clonal plants?.. 5.3 Habitat exploitation by clonal growth.. 5.4 Transfer of resources and division of labour.. 5.5 Competition and co-existence in clonal plants.. 5.6 Clonality and herbivory.. Acknowledgements.. References.. 6 Seed Ecology and Assembly Rules in Plant Communities.. 6.1 Ecological aspects of diaspore regeneration.. 6.2 Brief historical review.. 6.3 Dispersal.. 6.4 Soil seed bank persistence

6.5 Germination and establishment.. 6.6 Ecological databases on seed ecological traits.. 6.7 Seed ecological spectra of plant communities.. 6.8 Seed ecological traits as limiting factors for plant species occurrence and assembly.. 6.9 Seed ecological traits and species co-existence in plant communities.. References.. 7 Species Interactions Structuring Plant Communities.. 7.1 Introduction.. 7.2 Types of interaction.. 7.3 Competition.. 7.4 Allelopathy.. 7.5 Parasitism.. 7.6 Facilitation.. 7.7 Mutualism.. 7.8 Complex species interactions affecting community structure.. 7.9 Assembly rules.. References.. 8 Terrestrial Plant-Herbivore Interactions: Integrating Across Multiple Determinants and Trophic Levels.. 8.1 Herbivory: pattern and process.. 8.2 Coping with herbivory.. 8.3 The continuum from symbiotic to parasitic.. 8.4 Community level effects of herbivory.. 8.5 Integrating herbivory with ecosystem ecology.. References.. 9 Interactions Between Higher Plants and Soil-dwelling Organisms.. 9.1 Introduction.. 9.2 Ecologically important biota in the rhizosphere.. 9.3 The soil community as cause and consequence of plant community composition.. 9.4 Specificity and selectivity.. 9.5 Feedback mechanisms.. 9.6 Soil communities and invasive plants.. 9.7 Mutualistic root symbioses and nutrient partitioning in plant communities.. 9.8 Mycorrhizal networks counteracting plant competition?.. 9.9 Pathogenic soil organisms and nutrient dynamics.. 9.10 After description.. References.. 10 Vegetation and Ecosystem.. 10.1 The ecosystem concept.. 10.2 The nature of ecosystems.. 10.3 Energy flow and trophic structure.. 10.4 Biogeochemical cycles.. References.. 11 Diversity and Ecosystem Function.. 11.1 Introduction.. 11.2 Measurement of species diversity.. 11.3 Determinants of species diversity in the plant community.. 11.4 Patterns of species richness along gradients.. 11.5 Stability

11.6 On the causal relationship between diversity and ecosystem functioning.. Acknowledgements.. References.. 12 Plant Functional Types and Traits at the Community, Ecosystem and World Level.. 12.1 The quest for a functional paradigm.. 12.2 Form and function: evolution of the 'functional' concept in plant ecology.. 12.3 The development of functional typology.. 12.4 Plant strategies, trade-offs and functional types.. 12.5 The mass ratio hypothesis.. 12.6 Functional diversity and complexity.. 12.7 Moving to a trait-based ecology - response and effect traits.. 12.8 Plant functional types and traits as bioindicators.. 12.9 Environmental monitoring.. 12.10 Trait-based climate modelling.. 12.11 Scaling across community, ecosystem and world level.. 12.12 Discussion.. Acknowledgements.. References.. 13 Plant Invasions and Invasibility of Plant Communities.. 13.1 Introduction.. 13.2 Definitions and major patterns.. 13.3 Invasibility of plant communities.. 13.4 Habitat compatibility.. 13.5 Propagule pressure and residence time.. 13.6 What are the attributes of successful invaders?.. 13.7 Impact of invasive plants, justification and prospects of eradication projects.. References.. 14 Vegetation Conservation, Management and Restoration.. 14.1 Introduction.. 14.2 From agricultural exploitation to nature conservation.. 14.3 Vegetation management in relation to a hierarchy of environmental processes.. 14.4 Laissez-faire and the wilderness concept.. 14.5 Management and restoration imply setting targets.. 14.6 Setting targets implies monitoring.. 14.7 Effects of management and restoration practices.. 14.8 Constraints in management and restoration.. 14.9 Strategies in management and restoration.. References.. 15 Vegetation Types and Their Broad-scale Distribution.. 15.1 Introduction: vegetation and plant community.. 15.2 Form and function, in plants and vegetation.. 15.3 Vegetation types

15.4 Distribution of the main world vegetation types.. 15.5 Regional vegetation.. 15.6 Vegetation modelling and mapping at broad scales.. 15.7 Vegetation and global change.. References.. 16 Mapping Vegetation from Landscape to Regional Scales.. 16.1 Introduction.. 16.2 Scale and vegetation mapping.. 16.3 Data for vegetation mapping.. 16.4 Methods for vegetation mapping.. 16.5 Examples of recent vegetation maps illustrating their different uses.. 16.6 Dynamic vegetation mapping.. 16.7 Future of vegetation mapping research and practice.. Acknowledgements.. References.. 17 Vegetation Ecology and Global Change.. 17.1 Introduction.. 17.2 Vegetation and climatic change.. 17.3 Confounding effects of other aspects of global change.. 17.4 Conclusions.. References.. Index..

Vegetation Ecology is a comprehensive, integrated account of plant communities and their environments. Written by leading experts in their field from four continents, the second edition of this book: covers the composition, structure, ecology, dynamics, diversity, biotic interactions and distribution of plant communities, with an emphasis on functional adaptations; reviews modern developments in vegetation ecology in a historical perspective; presents a coherent view on vegetation ecology while integrating population ecology, dispersal biology, soil biology, ecosystem ecology and global change studies; tackles applied aspects of vegetation ecology, including management of communities and invasive species; includes new chapters addressing the classification and mapping of vegetation, and the significance of plant functional types Vegetation Ecology is aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduates and researchers and teachers in plant ecology, geography, forestry and nature conservation. Vegetation Ecology takes an integrated, multidisciplinary approach and will be welcomed as an essential reference for plant ecologists the world over. eng