Plant functional diversity: organism traits, community structure, and ecosystem properties / Eric Garnier, Marie-Laure Navas, Karl Grigulis

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Glossary.. Table of abbreviations.. 1. A functional approach to biological diversity.. 1.1. Diversity or diversities?.. 1.2. Plants and functions.. 1.3. Functional diversity and comparative plant ecology.. 1.4. Questions addressed by a functional approach to diversity.. 1.5. Key points.. 1.6. References.. 2. Trait-based ecology: definitions, methods, and a conceptual framework.. 2.1. Introduction.. 2.2. Traits: definitions and protocols.. 2.3. Traits and the comparative approach in ecology.. 2.4. Conceptual framework: organisms, communities, ecosystems.. 2.5. Conclusions.. 2.6. Key points.. 2.7. References.. 3. The functional characterization of plants.. 3.1. Introduction.. 3.2. Traits representative of the three major axes of ecological variation.. 3.3. Beyond the three major axes of variation.. 3.4. Traits and phylogeny.. 3.5. Conclusions.. 3.6. Key points.. 3.7. References.. 4. Gradients, response traits, and ecological strategies.. 4.1. Introduction.. Contents note continued:.. 4.2. Environmental gradients.. 4.3. Environmental factors and trait intraspecific variability.. 4.4. Responses of traits to different environmental gradients: species and community levels.. 4.5. Ecological strategies.. 4.6. Conclusions.. 4.7. Key points.. 4.8. References.. 5. A functional approach to plant community structure.. 5.1. Introduction.. 5.2. Community assembly rules and environmental filters.. 5.3. Characterizing the functional structure of a community.. 5.4. Factors controlling community functional structure.. 5.5. Conclusions.. 5.6. Key points.. 5.7. References.. 6. Plant traits and ecosystem properties

6. Plant traits and ecosystem properties.. 6.1. Introduction.. 6.2. Plant communities and ecosystem properties.. 6.3. Functional bases for trait-ecosystem properties relationships and the dominance hypothesis.. 6.4. The complementarity hypothesis.. 6.5. Testing simultaneously the dominance and complementarity hypotheses.. Contents note continued:.. 6.6. Dominance and complementarity effects: too early for conclusions.. 6.7. A new perspective: ecosystem allometry.. 6.8. Conclusions.. 6.9. Key points.. 6.10. References.. 7. Functional diversity and ecosystem services.. 7.1. Introduction.. 7.2. Types of ecosystem services.. 7.3. A functional approach to services.. 7.4. The quantification of services.. 7.5. Conclusions.. 7.6. Key points.. 7.7. References.. 8. Functional diversity in agriculture: grasslands and crop weeds as case studies.. 8.1. Introduction.. 8.2. Managed permanent grasslands.. 8.3. Crop weeds.. 8.4. How do these examples help us develop innovative agricultural systems?.. 8.5. Conclusions.. 8.6. Key points.. 8.7.References.. 9. Managing functional diversity data.. 9.1. Introduction.. 9.2. Availability of trait data.. 9.3. Ecoinformatics and plant functional diversity.. 9.4. Conclusions.. 9.5. Key points.. 9.6. References.. 10. Perspectives for functional diversity research.. Contents note continued:.. 10.1. Introduction.. 10.2. Basis and theory of the trait-based approach to diversity.. 10.3. Functional diversity and intraspecific variability.. 10.4. Traits, functioning of organisms, and environmental factors.. 10.5. Community functional structure, ecosystem properties, and services.. 10.6. Perspectives in the field of agriculture.. 10.7. Data management.. 10.8. Conclusions.. 10.9. Key points.. 10.10. References.. Index

Biological diversity, the variety of living things on Earth, is traditionally viewed as a diversity of taxa, species in particular. But other facets of diversity should be considered to address issues pertaining to evolutionary and ecological processes. The aim of this book is to show the strengths of a functional approach to diversity to improve our understanding of the functioning of ecological systems and their components. The focus is on plants, which aremajor components of these systems, and forwhich the functional approach has led tomajor advances over the last 20 years. This book first presents the rationale for a trait-based approach to functional diversity in the context of comparative plant ecology and agroecology. It then shows how this approach can be used to address a number of highly debated questions in ecology, pertaining to plant responses to their environment, controls on plant community structure, ecosystem properties, and services these deliver to human societies. A specific chapter is devoted to the management of functional diversity and ecological data, which is essential to address efficiently major pending questions in ecology. eng