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Evolutionary and food supply implications of ongoing maize domestication by Mexican campesinos

Bellon Corrales, Mauricio Rafael [autor] | Mastretta Yanes, Alicia [autora] | Ponce Mendoza, Alejandro [autor] | Ortiz Santamaría, Daniel [autor] | Oliveros Galindo, Oswaldo [autor] | Perales Rivera, Hugo Rafael [autor] | Acevedo, Francisca [autor] | Sarukhán Kermez, José, 1940- [autor].
Tipo de material: Artículo
 en línea Artículo en línea Tipo de contenido: Texto Tipo de medio: Computadora Tipo de portador: Recurso en líneaTema(s): Maíz | Productividad agrícola | Seguridad alimenticia | Variación genética | Explotación agrícola en pequeña escala | Factores ambientalesTema(s) en inglés: Corn | Agricultural productivity | Food security | Genetic variation | Small-scale farming | Environmental factorsDescriptor(es) geográficos: México Nota de acceso: Disponible para usuarios de ECOSUR con su clave de acceso En: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. Volumen 285, número 1885 (August 2018), páginas 48-57. --ISSN: 0962-8452Número de sistema: 58995Resumen:
Inglés

Maize evolution under domestication is a process that continues today. Case studies suggest that Mexican smallholder family farmers, known as campesinos, contribute importantly to this, but their significance has not been explicitly quantified and analysed as a whole. Here, we examine the evolutionary and food security implications of the scale and scope under which campesinos produce maize. We gathered official municipal-level data on maize production under rainfed conditions and identified campesino agriculture as occurring in municipalities with average yields of less than or equal to 3 t ha-¹. Environmental conditions vary widely in those municipalities and are associated with a great diversity of maize races, representing 85.3% of native maize samples collected in the country. We estimate that in those municipalities, around 1.38 10¹¹ genetically different individual plants are subjected to evolution under domestication each season. This implies that 5.24 108 mother plants contribute to the next generation with their standing genetic diversity and rare alleles. Such a large breeding population size also increases the total number of adaptive mutations that may appear and be selected for. We also estimate that campesino agriculture could potentially feed around 54.7 million people in Mexico. These analyses provide insights about the contributions of smallholder agriculture around the world.

Recurso en línea: http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/285/1885/20181049
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Maize evolution under domestication is a process that continues today. Case studies suggest that Mexican smallholder family farmers, known as campesinos, contribute importantly to this, but their significance has not been explicitly quantified and analysed as a whole. Here, we examine the evolutionary and food security implications of the scale and scope under which campesinos produce maize. We gathered official municipal-level data on maize production under rainfed conditions and identified campesino agriculture as occurring in municipalities with average yields of less than or equal to 3 t ha-¹. Environmental conditions vary widely in those municipalities and are associated with a great diversity of maize races, representing 85.3% of native maize samples collected in the country. We estimate that in those municipalities, around 1.38 10¹¹ genetically different individual plants are subjected to evolution under domestication each season. This implies that 5.24 108 mother plants contribute to the next generation with their standing genetic diversity and rare alleles. Such a large breeding population size also increases the total number of adaptive mutations that may appear and be selected for. We also estimate that campesino agriculture could potentially feed around 54.7 million people in Mexico. These analyses provide insights about the contributions of smallholder agriculture around the world. eng

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