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The effect of application rate of GF-120 (Spinosad) and malathion on the mortality of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foragers

Por: Cabrera Marín, Nina Vanessa [autora].
Liedo Fernández, Pablo [autor] | Sánchez Guillén, Daniel [autor].
Tipo de material: Artículo en línea Artículo en línea Tema(s): Abeja melífera | Abejas | Plaguicidas | Espinosad | Malatión | Ecotoxicología | MortalidadTema(s) en inglés: Honey bee | Bees | Pesticides | Spinosad | Malathion | Environmental toxicology | MortalityNota de acceso: Disponible para usuarios de ECOSUR con su clave de acceso En: Journal of Economic Entomology. volumen 109, número 2 (April 2016), páginas 515-519. --ISSN: 1938-291XNúmero de sistema: 58100Resumen:
Inglés

Beneficial organisms like the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), are heavily affected by pest control practices that incorporate insecticides. Safer alternatives as the spinosad-based formulation GF-120 have been developed to overcome this issue. Though both the low concentration of spinosad and the ultra-low-volume application rate of GF-120 are supposed to have a low acute toxicity in honey bee foragers, to our knowledge such claims have not been explicitly proven. We thus carried out a series of experiments to assess the effect of GF-120, malathion, and Spintor (spinosad) on honey bee foragers when applied at two concentrations (80 and 1,500 ppm) and two application rates (low density rate [LDR]-80 drops of 5mm diameter per square meter; high density rate [HDR]-thousands of 200-µm-diameter droplets per square meter). Interestingly, the three pesticides caused low mortality on foragers when applied at LDR-80, LDR-1,500, or HDR-80. However, HDR-1,500 caused a very high mortality. Based upon these results, we developed a computer program to estimate the average number of foragers that are exposed at LDR and HDR. We found that more foragers receive a lethal dose when exposed at HDR than at the other rates. Our results support the hypothesis that the impact of GF-120 and malathion upon honey bees is minimal when applied at LDR and that computer simulation can help greatly in understanding the effects of pesticides upon nontarget species.

Recurso en línea: https://academic.oup.com/jee/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jee/tov385
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Beneficial organisms like the honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), are heavily affected by pest control practices that incorporate insecticides. Safer alternatives as the spinosad-based formulation GF-120 have been developed to overcome this issue. Though both the low concentration of spinosad and the ultra-low-volume application rate of GF-120 are supposed to have a low acute toxicity in honey bee foragers, to our knowledge such claims have not been explicitly proven. We thus carried out a series of experiments to assess the effect of GF-120, malathion, and Spintor (spinosad) on honey bee foragers when applied at two concentrations (80 and 1,500 ppm) and two application rates (low density rate [LDR]-80 drops of 5mm diameter per square meter; high density rate [HDR]-thousands of 200-µm-diameter droplets per square meter). Interestingly, the three pesticides caused low mortality on foragers when applied at LDR-80, LDR-1,500, or HDR-80. However, HDR-1,500 caused a very high mortality. Based upon these results, we developed a computer program to estimate the average number of foragers that are exposed at LDR and HDR. We found that more foragers receive a lethal dose when exposed at HDR than at the other rates. Our results support the hypothesis that the impact of GF-120 and malathion upon honey bees is minimal when applied at LDR and that computer simulation can help greatly in understanding the effects of pesticides upon nontarget species. eng

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