Crop responses to environment [Libro electrónico] / Anthony E. Hall

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Introduction.. General principles.. Complete understanding requires information from several levels of biological organization.. Separating causes and effects can be difficult.. Limiting factors, synergisms, and source/sink effects.. Optimization and efficiency.. Genetic and environmental influences on plants.. Experimental approaches and quantitative methods.. Value of experimental studies in different fields or seasons having contrasting environments.. Value of experimental studies in controlled environments.. Value of experimental studies with different environments imposed in the same field.. Quantitative methods.. Crop physiological responses to light, photosynthesis, and respiration.. Photosynthesis and productivity.. Photosynthesis and adaptation.. Mitochondrial respiration.. Photorespiration.. Growth analysis.. Crop physiological responses to temperature and climatic zones.. Seed germination, storage, and dormancy.. Resumption of active growth by perennials.. Vegetative growth.. Reproductive development.. Climactic zones.. Comparison method for determining where crops can be grown.. Crop developmental responses to temperature, photoperiod, and light quality.. Heat-Unit systems for predicting plant development.. Chilling requirements of plants.. Plant developmental responses to photoperiod.. Light quality effects on plant development.. Radiation and energy balances, and predicting crop water use and temperature.. Solar radiation at the surface of the earth.. Types of radiation in the earth's environment and optical qualities of plants.. Radiation and energy balances.. Predicting crop water use.. Predicting temperature differences between crop canopy and air.. Crop transpiration and water relations.. Transpiration.. Stomatal responses to environment.. Optimal stomatal function.. Adaptive significance of plant differences in the level of daily water use..

Adaptive significance of plant differences in transpiration efficiency.. Liquid water transport form soil to leaves.. Components of total water potential.. Flow of water from root to shoot.. Crop water relations.. Crop adaptation to water-limited environments.. Crop species differences in drought resistance.. Mechanisms of drought resistance.. Hydrological budget of cropping systems, irrigation, and climatic zones.. Irrigation management.. Climactic zone definition based on water.. Crop responses to salinity and other limiting soil conditions.. Plant responses to extremes of soil texture and high soil bulk density.. Salinity tolerance.. Tolerance to high boron.. Tolerance to high aluminum.. Interaction of crop responses to pests and abiotic factors.. Crop phonology and the escape or aggravation of pest problems.. Crop resistance to pests.. Consideration of crop responses to environment in plant breeding.. Defining crop ideotype traits.. Testing the value of crop ideotype traits.. Perspectives for future use of crop ideotypes in plant breeding.. References

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Crop Responses to Environment discusses the principles, theories, and experimental observations concerning plant responses to environment that are particularly relevant to developing improved crop cultivars and management methods. The book illustrates the importance of considering emergent plant properties as well as reductionist approaches to understanding plant function and adaptation. Dr. Hall explains many practical applications to plant breeding, agronomy, and horticulture. He examines plant physiological and developmental responses to light and temperature as well as plant water-relations. He also describes climatic zone definitions based on temperature, rainfall, and evaporative demand in relation to plant adaptation and the prediction of crop water use. Irrigation management and crop responses to salinity and toxic levels of boron and aluminum are considered. Numerous figures and tables illustrate the climates of major agricultural zones, giving a thorough knowledge of which crop species and production systems are effective in different climates. The book concludes with an analysis illustrating the relevance of crop responses to environment to plant breeding. The practical examples in this book, some of them pulled from Dr. Hall's research, show your students the principles provided by Crop Response to Environment can be used in developing improved crop production systems. *Uniquely links plant physiological ecology with crop management and plant breeding. *Well illustrated with figures and tables to assist you in understanding which crop species are effective in different climates and soil environments. *Full of references to key papers, reviews, and useful, up-to-date Web site addresses to datatbases on climate and plant responses. *Crop responses to pests and diseases as they interact with crop responses to physical and chemical aspects of the environment. eng

*Simple but effective mathematical models provide comprehensive descriptions of principles and applicationsABOUT THE AUTHORDr. Anthony E. Hall has spent the past 26 years in research that has led to a substantial increase in protein-rich food for poor people in Africa. In 2000, he received the Chair's Award for Scientific Excellence from the Board for International Food and Agricultural Development. eng

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