Forest ecosystems / David A. Perry, Ram Oren, Stephen C. Hart

Incluye bibliografía: páginas 521-594 e índice: páginas 595-606

Preface.. 1 Introduction.. 1.1 Why Study Ecosystems.. 1.2 State of the World's Forests.. 1.3 The Study of Nature: Balance and Flux.. 1.4 A Brief Overview of This Book.. 1.5 Summary.. 2 Basic Terminology and Concepts.. 2.1 Some Basic Concepts.. 2.2 The Subdisciplines of Ecology.. 2.3 The Nature of Systems.. 2.4 Summary.. 3 Forests as Part of the Global Ecosystem.. 3.1 A Brief Look at the Global Ecosystem.. 3.2 Ecosystem Services Provided by Forests.. 3.3 Forests and Human Health.. 3.4 Summary.. 4 Major Forest Types and Their Climatic Controls.. 4.1 The influence of Climate on Forest Type.. 4.2 Latitudinal Gradients in Forest Characteristics.. 4.3 How Will Climate Change Affect the Distribution of Forests?.. 4.4 Summary.. 5 Local Variation in Community Type: The Landscape Mosaic.. 5.1 A Case History.. 5.2 Topoedaphic influences on Vegetation Patterns.. 5.3 The Emergent Landscape: Integration of Topography, Soils and Disturbance.. 5.4 Vegetation Classification.. 5.5 Summary.. 6 Change in Time: An Overview.. 6.1 Earth Music.. 6.2 Summary .. 7 Disturbance in Forest Ecosystems.. 7.1 The Complex Nature of Disturbance.. 7.2 Fire.. 7.3 Wind.. 7.4 Tectonic Activity.. 7.5 Flooding.. 7.6. Invasive Species.. 7.7 Summary.. 8 Patterns and Mechanisms of Succession.. 8.1 Historical Notes.. 8.2 Compositional and Structural Change During Succession.. 8.3 Mechanisms of Succession.. 8.4 Ecosystem Changes During Succession.. 8.5 The Emergent Landscape Revisited.. 8.6 Summary.. 9 The Structure of Local Ecosystems.. 9.1 Forest Structure.. 9.2 Habitat and Niche.. 9.3 Food Webs: Pathways of Energy Flow Within Ecosystems.. 9.4 Niche Overlap and Diversification.. 9.5 The Tradeoff Between Dominance and Diversity.. 9.6 Scales of Diversity.. 9.7 Summary.. 10 How Biodiversity Is Created and Maintained.. 10.1 Forces That Generate and Maintain Diversity Within Communities.. 10.2 The Variation of Species Richness Among Environments

10.3 Relationships Between Forest Structure and the Diversity of Animal and Microbes.. 10.4 Forces Producing Diversity in the Tree and Other Forest plants.. 10.5 Summary.. 11 The Biological Web: Interactions Among Species.. 11.1 The Structure of Relationships within Communities.. 11.2 Interactions Between Two Species: Basic Concepts.. 11.3 Mutualisms.. 11.4 Competition.. 11.5 Higher-Order Interactions.. 11.6 Summary.. 12 Size-Density Relationships in Forests Over Time and Across Space.. 12.1 Self-Thinning: An Orderly Process.. 12.2 Size-Density Relationships in Forests: The Spatial Dimension.. 12.3 Summary.. 13 Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects of Species Interactions.. 13.1 The Role of Biotic Interactions in Evolution.. 13.2 Community and Ecosystem Genetic.. 13.3 The Selection of Cooperation Within Groups.. 13.4 Summary.. 14 Soil: The Fundamental Resource.. 14.1 What Is Soil?.. 14.2 The Soil Profile.. 14.3 Physical Properties of Soils.. 14.4 Chemical Properties of Soils.. 14.5 Biological Properties of Soils.. 14.6 Soil Development.. 14.7 Soil Classification.. 14.8 Summary.. 15 Primary Productivity.. 15.1 Light Capture and Gas Exchange in Canopies.. 15.2 Respiration by Trees and Ecosystems.. 15.3 Net Primary Productivity.. 15.4 Carbon Allocation in Different Environments.. 15.5 The Limiting Factors of the Environment.. 15.6 Trees Are Not Prisoners of The Environment.. 15.7 Productivity in the Twenty-first Century..15.8 Summary.. 16 Forest Nutrition.. 16.1 The Essential Nutrients and Their Physiological Roles.. 16.2 Nutrient Requirements and Limitations.. 16.3 Diagnosing Nutrient Deficiencies.. 16.4 The Concept of Relative Addition Rate.. 16.5 Summary.. 17 Biogeochemical Cycling: Nutrient Inputs to and Losses from Local Ecosystems.. 17.1 An Overview of Nutrient Inputs to Local Ecosystems..17.2 Atmospheric Inputs.. 17.3 Inputs from Weathering of Primary Minerals.. 17.4 Biological Nitrogen Fixation

17.5 Nutrient Losses from Undisturbed Forests.. 17.6 Nutrient Losses from Disturbed Forests.. 17.7 Summary.. 18 Biogeochemical Cycling: The Intrasystem Cycle.. 18.1 Overview of the Intrasystem Nutrient Cycle.. 18.2 The Contribution of Nutrient Cycling to Primary Productivity.. 18.3 Detritus.. 18.4 The Intratree Nutrient Cycle.. 18.5 Throughfall and Stem Flow.. 18.6 Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling: Some Basic Concepts.. 18.7 Broad Patterns of Decomposition: The k Value.. 18.8 Factors Controlling the Rate of Decomposition.. 18.9 Effects of Food-Chain Interactions on Decomposition, Immobilization, and Mineralization.. 18.10 Biodiversity Affects Decomposition.. 18.11 A Closer Look at Nitrogen, Phosphorus. and Sulfur Cycles.. 18.12 Plant Uptake.. 18.13 Nutrient Cycling Through Succession.. 18.14 Global Change and Nutrient Cycling.. 18.15 Summary.. 19 Herbivores in Forest Ecosystems.. 19.1 Effects of Herbivory on Primary Productivity.. 19.2 Factors Controlling Herbivores.. 19.3 Coevoiutionar y Balance in Forests.. 19.4 Summary.. 20 Ecosystem Stability I: Introduction and Case Studies.. 20.1 Stability of What?.. 20.2 Resistance and Resilience, Robustness.. 20.3 Pollution.. 20.4 Degrading Forests Through Mismanagement.. 20.5 Loss of Bioregulation: Breaking the Links Between Plants and Soils.. 20.6 Loss of Bioregulation : Breaking the Top-Down Links.. 20.7 Balls, Dancers, and Dances.. 20.8 Summary.. 21 Ecosystem Stability II: The Role of Biodiversity.. 21.1 May's Paradox.. 21.2 Intensive Forest Management Simplifies Natural Ecosystems.. 21.3 Does Biodiversity Stabilize Ecosystems? Yes, But... .. 21.4 Understanding Stabilization Requires Understanding Structure- Function Interaction.. 21.5 Summary

22 Ecosystem Stability III: Conserving Species.. 22.1 Conserving Species Means Protecting Habitat.. 22.2 What Kind of Habitat? A Matter of Balance.. 22.3 Fine Filters, Coarse Filters, and Pluralism.. 22.4 Viable Populations.. 22.5 Landscape Patterns: Fragmentation, Variegation, and Permeation.. 22.6 Summary.. 23 The Future.. 23.1 The Implications of Global Warming.. 23.2 Maintaining Biological Diversity in Managed Forests.. 23.3 Coda: The New and the Renewed.. 23.4 Summary.. Bibliography.. Index

This acclaimed textbook is the most comprehensive available in the field of forest ecology. Designed for advanced students of forest science, ecology, and environmental studies, it is also an essential reference for forest ecologists, foresters, and land managers. The authors provide an inclusive survey of boreal, temperate, and tropical forests with an emphasis on ecological concepts across scales that range from global to landscape to microscopic. Situating forests in the context of larger landscapes, they reveal the complex patterns and processes observed in tree-dominated habitats. The updated and expanded second edition covers : • Conservation• Ecosystem services • Climate change• Vegetation classification• Disturbance• Species interactions• Self-thinning• Genetics• Soil influences• Productivity• Biogeochemical cycling• Mineralization• Effects of herbivory• Ecosystem stability. eng