A mechanistic approach to plankton ecology / Thomas Kiørboe

Incluye bibliografía: páginas 183-203 e índice: páginas 205-209

List of Illustrations.. List of Tables.. Preface.. Chapter One.. Introduction.. 1.1 Biological Oceanography--Marine Biology--Ocean Ecology.. 1.2 The Encounter Problem.. 1.3 This Book.. Chapter Two.. Random Walk and Diffusion.. 2.1 Random Walk and Diffusion.. 2.2 Example: Bacterial Motility.. 2.3 Fick's First Law.. 2.4 Diffusion to or from a Sphere.. 2.5 Feeding on Solutes.. 2.6 Maximum and Optimum Cell Size.. 2.7 Diatoms: Large yet Small.. 2.8 Diffusion Feeding.. 2.9 Non- Steady- State Diffusion: Feeding in Nauplii.. 2.10 Bacteria Colonizing a Sphere.. 2.11 Effect of Shape.. 2.12 Flux from a Sphere (or a Point Source: Chemical Signals.. Chapter Three.. Diffusion and Advection.. 3.1 Moving Fluids.. 3.2 Viscosity, Diffusivity, Re, and Pe.. 3.3 Flow around a Sinking Sphere.. 3.4 Mass Transport to a Sinking Sphere.. 3.5 Example: Oxygen Distribution around a Sinking Sphere.. 3.6 Examples: Osmotrophs, Diffusion Feeders, and Bacterial Colonization of Sinking Particles.. 3.7 Effect of Turbulence on Mass Transport: Re, Pe, and Sh for Turbulence.. 3.8 Marine Snow Solute Plumes: Small- Scale Heterogeneity.. 3.9 The Chemical Trail: Mate Finding in Copepods.. Chapter Four.. Particle Encounter by Advection.. 4.1 Direct Interception versus Remote Detection.. 4.2 Particle Encounter by Direct Interception: Flagellate Feeding.. 4.3 Bacteria Colonizing Particles Revisited: Comparison of Encounter Mechanisms.. 4.4 Direct Interception: Coagulation and Marine Snow Formation.. 4.5 Remote Prey Detection: Encountering Prey in Calm Water.. 4.6 Turbulence and Predator- Prey Encounter Rates.. 4.7 Example: Feeding of the Copepod Acartia tonsa in Turbulence.. 4.8 When Is Turbulence Important for Enhancing Predator-Prey Contact Rates?.. 4.9 On the Downhill Side: Negative Effects of Turbulence on Predator-Prey Interactions.. 4.10 Encounter Rates and Motility Patterns: Ballistic versus Diffusive Motility

Chapter Five.. Hydromechanical Signals in the Plankton.. 5.1 Copepod Sensory Biology.. 5.2 Decomposition of a Fluid Signal: Deformation and Vorticity.. 5.3 Signal Strength: Prey Perceiving Predator.. 5.4 Signal Strength: Predator Perceiving Prey.. 5.5 To What Flow Components Does a Copepod Respond?.. 5.6 Sensitivity to Hydrodynamic Signals.. 5.7 Predator and Prey Reaction Distances: Generation of a Hydrodynamic Signal.. 5.8 Attack or Flee--the Dilemma of a Parasitic Copepod.. 5.9 Maximal Signals, Optimal Sensitivity, and the Role of Turbulence.. 5.10 The Evolutionary Arms Race.. Chapter Six.. Zooplankton Feeding Rates and Bioenergetics.. 6.1 Functional Response in Ingestion Rate to Prey Concentration.. 6.2 Example: The Functional Response in Oithona davisae.. 6.3 Other Functional Responses.. 6.4 The Components of Predation: Prey Selection.. 6.5 Prey Switching.. 6.6 Bioenergetics: Conversion of Food to Growth and Reproduction.. 6.7 Specific Dynamic Action: Egg Production Efficiency in a Copepod.. 6.8 Scaling of Feeding and Growth Rates.. 6.9 Feast and Famine in the Plankton.. Chapter Seven.. Population Dynamics and Interactions.. 7.1 From Individual to Population.. 7.2 The Dynamics of a Single Population: Phytoplankton Blooms.. 7.3 Phytoplankton Population Dynamics and Aggregate Formation.. 7.4 Phytoplankton Growth and Light Limitation.. 7.5 Scaling of Growth and Mortality Rates.. 7.6 Populations with Age Structure: Life Tables.. 7.7 Behavior and Population Dynamics: Critical Population Size and Allee Effects.. 7.8 Life- History Strategies.. 7.9 Interacting Populations.. 7.10 From Individual to Population

Chapter Eight.. Structure and Function of Pelagic Food Webs.. 8.1 Two Pathways in Pelagic Food Webs.. 8.2 Light and Vertical Mixing: Conditions for Phytoplankton Development.. 8.3 Budgetary Constraints: Nutrient Input and Sinking Flux.. 8.4 Cell Size, Water-Column Structure, and Nutrient Availability: Empirical Evidence.. 8.5 Cell Size and Nutrient Uptake.. 8.6 Cell Size, Turbulence, and Sinking.. 8.7 Cell Size, Turbulence, and Light.. 8.8 Why Are Not All Phytoplankters Small? The Significance of Predation.. 8.9 Hydrodynamic Control of Pelagic Food- Web Structure: Examples.. 8.10 Species Diversity: The Paradox of the Plankton.. 8.11 Fisheries and Trophic Efficiency.. 8.12 Fertilizing the Ocean--Increasing the Fishery and Preventing Global Warming?.. References.. Index

The three main missions of any organism--growing, reproducing, and surviving--depend on encounters with food and mates, and on avoiding encounters with predators. Through natural selection, the behavior and ecology of plankton organisms have evolved to optimize these tasks. This book offers a mechanistic approach to the study of ocean ecology by exploring biological interactions in plankton at the individual level. The book focuses on encounter mechanisms, since the pace of life in the ocean intimately relates to the rate at which encounters happen. Thomas Kiørboe examines the life and interactions of plankton organisms with the larger aim of understanding marine pelagic food webs. He looks at plankton ecology and behavior in the context of the organisms' immediate physical and chemical habitats. He shows that the nutrient uptake, feeding rates, motility patterns, signal transmissions, and perception of plankton are all constrained by nonintuitive interactions between organism biology and small-scale physical and chemical characteristics of the three-dimensional fluid environment. Most of the book's chapters consist of a theoretical introduction followed by examples of how the theory might be applied to real-world problems. In the final chapters, mechanistic insights of individual-level processes help to describe broader population dynamics and pelagic food web structure and function. eng