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A burning question : maya lime technology and the maya forest

Tipo de material: Artículo
 impreso(a) 
 Artículo impreso(a) Idioma: Inglés Tema(s) en español: En: Journal of Ethnobiology volumen 28, número 2 (Fall-Winter 2008), páginas 200-210Resumen:
Inglés

Environmental degradation has long been a chief suspect in the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization and abandonment of many of the large cities of Mesoamerica. The popular and scholarly presses are replete with references to this and often specifically that the collapse involved deforestation brought on by lime-burning for construction cement. The scenario painted is one in which the oft-acclaimed great Maya builders and architectural craftsmen continued to utilize a horrifically wasteful technology until it helps destroy their civilization. While the hypothesis is seductively plausible, it fits neither the portrait we have painstakingly constructed of intelligent, innovative craftsmen nor indeed much of the material evidence. It is much more likely that the Maya were skilled craftsmen with a sophisticated understanding of their construction materials, production, and use. In this paper the archaeological evidence and materials science will be contrasted with the traditional view of Maya lime-burning and used to argue that construction was not the destructive activity that has been assumed.

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Environmental degradation has long been a chief suspect in the collapse of the Classic Maya civilization and abandonment of many of the large cities of Mesoamerica. The popular and scholarly presses are replete with references to this and often specifically that the collapse involved deforestation brought on by lime-burning for construction cement. The scenario painted is one in which the oft-acclaimed great Maya builders and architectural craftsmen continued to utilize a horrifically wasteful technology until it helps destroy their civilization. While the hypothesis is seductively plausible, it fits neither the portrait we have painstakingly constructed of intelligent, innovative craftsmen nor indeed much of the material evidence. It is much more likely that the Maya were skilled craftsmen with a sophisticated understanding of their construction materials, production, and use. In this paper the archaeological evidence and materials science will be contrasted with the traditional view of Maya lime-burning and used to argue that construction was not the destructive activity that has been assumed. Inglés

La dégradation environnementale a longtemps été présumée comme étant la principale cause de l'effondrement de la civilisation Maya classique et de l'abandon de nombreuses grandes cités de la Mésoamérique. La presse populaire et doctrinale en est remplie de références et spécifiquement soutient que l'effondrement implique la déforestation provoquée par la chaux utilisée comme ciment pour les constructions. Le scénario dépeint est le suivant: les formidables constructeurs et artisans architectes, si souvent acclamés, poursuivaient l'utilisation d'une technologie de terrible gaspillage, entrainant la destruction de leur civilisation. Alors que la plausibilité de cette hypothèse est séduisante, elle ne correspond ni au portrait d'artisans intelligents et innovants que nous avons minutieusement construit, ni en effet à de nombreuses preuves matérielles. Il est beaucoup plus probable que les Mayas étaient des artisans doués, dotés d'une compréhension sophistiquée de la production et de l'utilisation des matériaux de construction. Dans ce mémoire les preuves archéologiques et la science des matériaux seront contrastées avec la vue traditionnelle des Mayas usant la chaux, et utilisées pour soutenir que la construction n'était pas l'activité destructrice supposée. Frances