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Native and exotic earthworm species were inventoried in natural and managed ecosystems in Tabasco, southeastern Mexico. Twenty-four sites were evaluated: 17 agroecosystems and 7 natural systems. In our sampling we implemented the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility protocol, and depending on landuse, 10 to 50 monoliths of 25 × 25 × 30 cm were completed to measure soil properties, earthworm biomass, density and richness per site. An ANOVA for non-parametric data was performed to determine significant differences among sites. The highest organic matter content (11.9 ± 5.7%), total nitrogen (0.66 ± 0.2%), and extractable phosphorus (18 ± 7.56 mgkg−1) were in the tropical rain forest. The highest earthworm biomass (52.4 ± 20.1 gm−2) was in diversified cultivation (Cedrela odorata plantation) and non-diversified crops (mango culture). The highest diversity was in a tropical rain forest, primary vegetation, with 6 ± 2 species and a Shannon Index of 1.43 ± 0.43. Twelve species, 8 native, Megascolecidae and 4 exotics were identified: 2 each, Megascolecidae and Glossoscolecidae. Native earthworm distribution was determined by land-use: an increase in primary vegetation had an increase in native species presence. In this study, native earthworm density was significantly correlated with clay content (r Spearman 0.5; p < 0.05). The dominant exotic species were the cosmopolitan Pontoscolex corethrurus and Polypheretima elongata. These were in 9 and 5 sites, respectively. Native earthworm species were only in natural sites, with the exception of Lavellodrilus bonampakensis and Balanteodrilus pearsei which were also observed in agroecosystems. Inglés

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