Incluye bibliografía e índice: páginas 239-242

1 Introduction: Influences of Human Population on Biological Diversity.. 1.1 Introduction.. 1.2 Objectives.. 1.3 Status of the Field.. 1.4 Organization and Content.. 1.5 Studying Human Population's Interactions with Biological Diversity . . References.. Part I General Theoretical and Empirical Considerations.. 2 Projecting a Gridded Population of the World Using Ratio Methods of Trend Extrapolation.. 2.1 Introduction.. 2.2 Recent Population Density Maps and Prior Projections Using Simple Methods.. 2.3 Methods.. 2.4 Results.. 2.4.1 Comparison of the Simple Projections with US Census Bureau State Projections.. 2.4.2 Problems of the Shift-Share Method.. 2.4.3 Problems of the Share-of-Growth Method.. 2.4.4 Combined Model Gridded Projection.. 2.5 Conclusions.. References.. 3 The Human Habitat.. 3.1 Introduction.. 3.2 Theories of Population Distribution.. 3.3 Spatial Distribution of Modern Human Population.. 3.3.1 Census Data.. 3.3.2 Night Lights.. 3.4 Continental Physiography.. 3.5 Climate.. 3.6 Implications.. References.. 4 Behavioral Mediators of the Human Population Effect on Global Biodiversity Losses.. 4.1 Introduction.. 4.2 Past Human Population Impacts on Species Biodiversity.. 4.3 Biodiversity and Human Population Density Today.. 4.4 Discussion.. 4.5 Conclusion.. References.. 5 The Biological Diversity that Is Humanly Possible: Three Models Relevant to Human Population's Relationship with Native Species.. 5.1 Introduction.. 5.2 Can Human Numbers by Themselves Increase the Risk of Species Loss?.. 5.2.1 Allometric Relationships.. 5.2.2 Allometric Expectations of Population Density.. 5.3 Can Local Changes in Human Population Density Increase the Risk of Species Loss?.. 5.3.1 Density-Dependent Agricultural Intensification.. 5.3.2 A Graphic Model of Density-Dependent Intensification.. 5.3.3 Model Expectations.. 5.4 Can the Location of Human Settlement Increase the Risk of Species Loss?

5.4.1 Modeling the Persistence of Native Species.. 5.4.2 Species Persistence and the Influence of Human Settlement.. 5.5 Conclusions.. References.. 6 Biodiversity on the Urban Landscape.. 6.1 Introduction.. 6.2 Some Key Characteristics of Urban Ecosystems.. 6.3 Why Study Urban Biodiversity?.. 6.3.1 Values of Biodiversity.. 6.3.2 Roles of Exotic Species.. 6.3.3 Contribution of Urban Studies to General Scientific Inquiry.. 6.3.4 Urban Ecosystems and Biodiversity Education.. 6.4 Research Approaches to Urban Biodiversity.. 6.4.1 Urban-Rural Gradients.. 6.4.2 Island Biogeography in Cities.. 6.4.3 Patch Dynamics.. 6.4.4 The Species Approach: Exotics and Introductions.. 6.4.5 Human-Natural Coupling in Urban Systems.. 6.4.6 Ecosystem Function.. 6.4.7 Overcoming Logistic Problems.. 6.5 Questions and Research Directions on Urban Biodiversity.. 6.6 Conclusions.. References.. 7 Indicators for Assessing Threats to Freshwater Biodiversity from Humans and Human-Shaped Landscapes.. 7.1 Introduction.. 7.2 Threats to Freshwater Biodiversity.. 7.3 Direct and Indirect Evaluations of Threats to Aquatic Biodiversity.. 7.4 Large-Scale Threat Analyses.. 7.4.1 Global-Scale Analyses.. 7.4.2 Continental-Scale Analyses.. 7.4.3 River-Basin Threat Analyses.. 7.5 Conclusions.. References.. Part II Interactions in Specific Ecosystems.. 8 A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Human Impacts on the Rainforest Environment in Ecuador.. 8.1 Introduction.. 8.2 The Ecuador Research Project.. 8.3 Cultural Diversity in Ecuador's Amazon.. 8.3.1 Ethnographic Sketches.. 8.3.2 Demography.. 8.4 Cross-Cultural Hunting Patterns.. 8.4.1 Prey Selection.. 8.4.2 Technology Used.. 8.4.3 Time Allocation.. 8.4.4 Dietary Intake.. 8.4.5 Frequency, Distance, and Duration of Hunts.. 8.5 Cross-Cultural Patterns of Land Use and Land Cover Change.. 8.6 Discussion.. 8.7 Conclusions.. References

9 Human Demography and Conservation in the Apache Highlands Ecoregion, US-Mexico Borderlands.. 9.1 Introduction.. 9.2 An Overview of Human Occupation in the Apache Highlands.. 9.3 Population in the Apache Highlands Ecoregion at the End of the Twentieth Century.. 9.4 Conservation and Human Demography in the Apache Highlands Ecoregion.. 9.5 Concluding Remarks.. References.. 10 Long-Term Ecological Effects of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors in Wolong Nature Reserve (China.. 10.1 Introduction.. 10.2 Profile of Wolong Nature Reserve.. 10.3 Long-Term Ecological Effects of Demographic and Socioeconomic Factors.. 10.3.1 Design of Simulation Experiments.. 10.3.2 Model Description.. 10.3.3 Simulation Results.. 10.4 Discussion.. References.. 11 Exploring the Association Between People and Deforestation in Madagascar.. 11.1 Introduction.. 11.2 Madagascar: Selected Characteristics of the Physical and Human Setting.. 11.3 Recent Patterns of Deforestation in Madagascar.. 11.4 Analyzing Patterns of Deforestation in Madagascar.. 11.4.1 Previous Evaluations of Deforestation in Madagascar.. 11.4.2 Methods and Data.. 11.4.3 Results.. 11.5 Discussion and Conclusions.. References.. Part III Perspectives on Human Interactions with Biological Diversity.. 12 A Coupled Natural and Human Systems Approach Toward Biodiversity: Reflections from Social Scientists.. 12.1 Introduction.. 12.2 Human Dimensions of Biodiversity as a Grand Challenge.. 12.3 Meta-Analysis Results.. 12.4 Connections with Land Change Science.. 12.5 Neglected Human Dimensions?.. 12.6 Conclusion.. References.. Index

In this volume the dynamic patterns of human density and distribution are examined in relation to the viability of native species and the integrity of their habitats. Social, biological, and earth scientists describe their models, outline their conclusions from field studies, and review the contributions of other scientists whose work is essential to this field. The book starts with general theories and broad empirical relationships that help explain dramatic changes in the patterns of the occurrence of species, changes that have developed in parallel with human population growth, migration and settlement. In the following chapters specific biomes and ecosystems are highlighted as the context for human interactions with other species. A discussion of the key themes and findings covered rounds out the volume. All in all, the work presents our species, Homo sapiens, as what we truly have been and will likely remain-an influential, and often the most influential, constituent in nearly every major ecosystem on Earth. Inglés