Bibliografía: páginas 60-73

Executive summary.. Acknowledgements.. Acronyms.. 1 • What is SOC?.. 1.1 • SOC: a crucial part of the global carbon cycle.. 1.2 • SOC: a component of SOM.. 1.3 • Soil: a source and sink for carbon-based GHGs.. 1.3.1 • Carbon dioxide (CO2 .. 1.3.2 • Methane (CH4 .. 1.4 • SOC sequestration.. 2 • Role of SOC in human well-being.. 2.1 • Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.. 2.2 • SOC and biodiversity.. 2.2.1 • Importance of soil biodiversity.. 2.2.2 • Soil biodiversity losses.. 2.3 • SOC, food production and water supply.. 2.3.1 • Soil fertility for food production.. 2.3.2 • Influence of SOC on water-holding capacity and porosity.. 2.4 • Climate change effects on SOC.. 2.4.1 • Effects of rising temperatures and increased precipitation on SOC stocks.. 2.4.2 • Effects of increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.. 2.4.3 • Uncertainties about the response of SOC to climate change.. 2.5 • Importance of SOC in the international framework of climate change mitigation and adaptation.. 3 • What are the global SOC stocks?.. 3.1 • Current global SOC stocks.. 3.2 • Hot-spots and bright spots of SOC: major areas for consideration.. 3.2.1 • Black Soils.. 3.2.2 • Permafrost.. 3.2.3 • Peatlands.. 3.2.4 • Grasslands.. 3.2.5 • Forest soils.. 3.2.6 • Drylands.. 4 • Measuring, accounting, reporting and verifying SOC.. 4.1 • Measuring, reporting and verifying (MRV.. 4.1.1 • What is MRV and what is it used for?.. 4.1.2 • Guidance for reporting on SOC in the GHG inventories.. 4.1.2.1 • Use of a Land Use and Land Use Change (LU/LUC matrix.. 4.1.2.2 • Different calculations for different types of soil.. 4.1.2.3 • Different levels of information: use of methodological Tier levels.. 4.2 • Measuring and monitoring SOC.. 4.2.1 • Measuring SOC.. 4.2.1.1 • SOC content measurement methods.. 4.2.1.2 • Calculation of SOC stocks.. 4.2.1.3 • Important elements to consider in SOC stock calculations.. 4.2.1.4 • Upscaling SOC data.. 4.2.1.5 • Monitoring SOC stocks changes over time.. 4.2.1.6 • Soil Monitoring Networks (SMN.. 4.2.2 • Challenges in measuring and monitoring SOC.. 4.2.3 • Verification of SOC stock estimates.. 5 • SOC management for sustainable food production and climate change mitigation and adaptation.. 5.1 • SOC management for sustainable food production.. 5.2 • SOC management for climate change mitigation and adaptation.. 5.3 • Challenges of SOC sequestration.. 5.3.1 • Barriers to adoption of climate change mitigation and adaptation measures.. 5.3.1.1 • Financial barriers.. 5.3.1.2 • Technical and logistical barriers.. 5.3.1.3 • Institutional barriers.. 5.3.1.4 • Knowledge barriers.. 5.3.1.5 • Resource barriers.. 5.3.1.6 • Socio-cultural barriers.. 5.3.2 • Non-human induced factors limiting SOC sequestration: abiotic factors.. 6 •What next? Points for consideration.. References.. Annexes.. Annex 1: Main Methods for SOC Content Determination.. Annex 2: Examples of current national SOC monitoring systems (non-exhaustive

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In the presence of climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, soils have become one of the most vulnerable resources in the world. Anthropogenic impacts on soil can turn soil organic carbon (SOC) into either a net sink or a net source of GHGs. After carbon enters the soil in the form of organic material from soil fauna and flora, it can persist in the soil for decades, centuries or even millennia. This publication aims to provide an overview to decision-makers and practitioners of the main scientific facts and information regarding the current knowledge and knowledge gaps on SOC. It highlights how better information and food practices may be implemented to support ending hunger, adapting to and mitigating climate change and achieving overall sustainable development. Inglés