Incluye bibliografía: páginas 140-152 e índice: páginas 158-159

Improving the market position of forest cooperatives in Honduras Sara J. Scherr, Andy White, David Kaimowitz páginas 79

PREFACE.. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.. ACRONYMS.. PART I. WHY FOCUS ON FOREST MARKETS? THE CONTEXT.. 1. INTRODUCTION.. Marginalization of the Rural Poor in Commercial Forestry.. Re-thinking the Role of Markets in Poverty Reduction and Forest Conservation.. Urgency of Taking Action Now.. Organization of the Paper.. 2. THE ROLE OF FOREST MARKETS IN RURAL LIVELIHOODS.. The Scale of Rural Poverty in Forested Regions.. Roles of Forests in Rural Livelihoods.. The Potential of Forest Market Development to Reduce Rural Poverty.. 3. FORESTS IN TRANSITION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES.. Increasing Community Ownership and Control of Natural Forests.. Expansion of Agroforestry and Small-Scale Plantations.. Increasing Demand for Forest Products.. Increasing Demand for Ecosystem Services of Forests.. Democratization of Forest Governance.. Globalization and Forest Industry Concentration: Clouds with Silver Linings?.. PART II. MARKET OPPORTUNITIES FOR POOR PRODUCERS.. 4. ASSESSING MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND MANAGING RISKS.. Market Opportunities for Small-Scale Forest Producers.. Strategies to Manage Livelihood Risks.. Strategies to Reconcile Commercial Use and Forest Conservation

5. COMMERCIAL NICHES FOR LOW-INCOME FOREST PRODUCERS.. Commodity Wood.. High-value Wood.. Certified Wood.. Processed Wood Products.. Industrial Pulpwood.. Non-Timber Forest Products.. Payments for Ecosystem Services.. Summary of Market Opportunities.. PART III. MAKING FOREST MARKETS WORK FOR LOW-INCOME PRODUCERS.. 6. DEVELOPING LOCAL FOREST ENTERPRISES.. Improve Market Position.. Strengthen Producer Organizations.. Forge Strategic Business Agreements.. Pursue New Sources of Financing.. Adapt Certification for Small-Scale and Indigenous Forestry.. Encourage Business Service Providers for Low-Income Producers.. Invest in Community Forest Enterprise Development.. Target Research, Education and Training.. 7. REMOVING POLICY BARRIERS TO LOCAL MARKET PARTICIPATION.. Secure the Forest Ownership and Use Rights of Local People.. Reduce the Regulatory Burden on Local Forest Producers.. Level the Playing Field for Local Producers in Forest Markets.. Involve Local Producers in Forest Governance and Policy Negotiation.. Protect the Poorest in Forest Market Development.. 8. A FRAMEWORK FOR ACTION.. Towards a New Model of Forestry Development.. Roles and Responsibilities.. Conclusion.. REFERENCES.. ABOUT THE AUTHORS

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The future of the world's forests and the future of millions of the world's poorest people are inextricably linked. Rural poverty is concentrated in many areas where the world's biodiversity is most threatened. More than a billion people now live within the world's 19 forest biodiversity "hotspots" and population growth in the world's tropical wilderness areas is 3.1 percent, over twice the world's average rate of growth. Over 90 percent of those who live on less than a dollar a day depend fully or in part on forest products for their livelihoods. The dominant models of forest management and protection are increasingly inappropriate in the face of this reality. Large-scale logging in commercial forest concessions, industrial forest plantations and public protected areas all deprive poor communities of lands and forests they traditionally controlled and contribute little, if anything, to rural livelihoods Even social forestry initiatives that do seek to restore these rights typically seek to sharply restrict commercial use by local people. A fundamental re-assessment of the role of forests in rural development, and the role of local people in forest conservation, is urgently needed. Indeed, changes in forest resources, markets, and governance offer new opportunities for low-income producers. At least a quarter of the forests in developing countries are now officially owned or administered by indigenous and other communities. Millions of smallholder farmers, especially those in forest-scarce but agriculturally less favored regions, are growing trees not only to recover local ecosystem services, but also to meet rapidly growing domestic demand for forest products. In some areas, forest and farm tree resources are the principal assets of the poor and the most proximate opportunity for poverty alleviation. Inglés

Unfortunately, however, low-income producers presently benefit only marginally from commercial forestry activities. Forest markets pose formidable barriers to profitable participation by the rural poor. Current market trends, if unabated, will continue to deny these poor people opportunities to fully use their forest resources for their own development. Market policies that discriminate against community producers keep prices low and limit income opportunities. Policies being promoted by some environmental groups and industry lobbies would mean that in the near future most industrial wood could come from industrial plantations and an increasingly consolidated forest industry, effectively cutting off forest and farm communities from critical income opportunities. Local producers often do not have access to sufficient capital, market contacts and information, or technology to exploit new market opportunities. They lack support to compete effectively in either export or domestic markets. Unless a major global effort is made to secure and develop community forest opportunities over the next decade, rural communities will not be able to capitalize on their forest assets-and will thus have little incentive to keep them. Inglés

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