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The current distribution and genetic relationships among populations of jackrabbits of the genus Lepus in the Baja California Peninsula and adjacent islands resulted from climate warming and rising sea levels following the Last Glacial Maximum, ~21 000 years BP. The colour pattern of the pelage and the genetic, biogeographic, and taxonomic relationships among peninsular and insular jackrabbit populations were investigated using four mitochondrial DNA genes (Cyt b, DLoop, COI, and COIII) and one nuclear gene (β-fib I7). The phylogenetic analyses identified two clades, one of them with three well-supported subclades that corresponded to three geographical groups within the Baja California Peninsula (including insular populations), with a slight genetic differentiation between these subclades (average of 0.5%). The second clade corresponded to a group outside the Baja California Peninsula. Insular populations appear to have been isolated within the last 5000 years. We recommend dividing L. californicus in the Baja California Peninsula and adjacent islands into four groups at subspecific level. Inglés

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