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A community-based, case-control study was conducted during the summer peak season for diarrhea in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, to identify risk and protective factors associated with acute diarrhea in children < 6 years of age. To estimate the diarrheal morbidity rate, the community was divided into 13 sectors, each of about 20 households. A resident (volunteer mother) made daily visits to every household in her sector to identify new cases of diarrhea. During 3 weeks of surveillance, 63 children with diarrhea and 48 control children were identified. The diarrheal attack rate during this period for children < 6 years of age was 30%. Analysis of 29 neighborhood-matched case- control pairs showed that children with diarrhea were more likely than their controls to have had a mother with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the onset of the child's diarrhea Pp<0.05; relative risk=10). The association of childhood diarrhea with maternal diarrhea may serve as a focus for more detailed studies as well as intervention that may be appropriate and effective for this community. Español

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